Anno̱pa Áhoyo | Chahta Anno̱pa Miya Ka̱

Anno̱pa Áhoyo

A B Ch F H I K L M N O P S T W Y

á prefix marker appearing before a verb or noun to specify a location: at, in, from, place where Also: áy- á mi̱tih v. to be coming from (a place) syn. mayyah átalówa n. where one sings at: choir stall; or from: songbook

a̱ particle marker appearing after a noun phrase to indicate an object of a verb

á bannah v. to want (choosing from several items) bannah want

á bonnih v. to wrap, roll (something) up in (multiple times or multiple wraps)

á bono̱tah v. to be rolled up in, wrapped up in (a blanket) bonótah

á fokkah v. to be in, be put into fokkah

á hikít iya n. start, beginning

-á hi̱natok v. suffix should be

á hochífoh v. to name after (someone) hochífoh

á kobáfah v. to break off, be broken off

á kobaffih v. to break off

á kotchah v. to come out of, go out of (something) from kotchah go out

á lhopollih v. to live through, experience, go through (something)

á mihchih v. to do for (someone) from mihchih do

á mi̱tih v. to be coming from (a place) from mi̱tih from mítih á

á tablih v. to cut a piece from (cloth, paper, etc.) from tablih

á toba adj. made from tobah become

á wihah v. to move out of, move from wihah

aba n. up Aba Mi̱ko n. God of Heaven

a̱ba conj. older word however, instead of

aba anno̱pa toshóli n. preacher, pastor, minister Also: abanno̱pa toshóli

aba bohlih v. to put away, put up, store from bohlih put (one)

aba hattak n. older word angel syn. i̱chil

aba imma adv. upward Also: abimma

aba isht iya n. newer word something that takes you up: elevator, etc. Also: abishtiya

aba isht iyah v. to put up (a box, a price), raise (an arm)

a̱ba isht iyah v. to take higher, appeal

aba ishtalówa n. hymn, religious hymn or song Also: aba isht talówa

aba iyah v. to go up, rise see abá pilah raise

Aba Mi̱ko n. God of Heaven from aba up mi̱ko chief

aba ná áyasháchi n. shelf syn. aba ná áyo̱talohli aba tala

aba ná áyo̱talohli n. shelf

abá pilah v. to raise up (something) see aba iyah

aba píni n. airplane syn. píni hika

aba takáchih v. to hang up (picture, clock, clothes, etc.)

aba tala n. mantel (the shelf above a fireplace) syn. aba ná áyasháchi aba ná áyo̱talohli

aba talohlih v. to store (food, preserves), put up, put away from talohlih two or more

aba yakni n. heaven

ábachi n. a practice (for a game, etc.) one who practices

ábachih v. to practice teach im ábachih v. to teach (someone)

abacho̱li n. whiteboard, blackboard syn. áyo̱cho̱li

abaksha n. chicken snake, western rat snake syn. aka̱koshi apa Pantherophis obsoletus

abánih v. to grill, roast, dry, or cure (food) over fire

abanno̱pa n. sermon also aba anno̱pa

abánokfila n. whirlwind syn. mahli hanóki

abánokfila chito n. tornado syn. mahli chito

ábaska n. place to gamble: casino

abayya n. side (of an object)

abayyah v. to go around (houses, stores, etc.) abayyat going around (to different places), roaming Normally used with another verb following it chokka abayyat roaming from house to house, visiting

abayyat going around (to different places), roaming Normally used with another verb following it abayyah

abíchih v. to be paid, earn Also: ábichi

abih v. to kill (something) to win (a game) ikboh n. to not win, lose This verb has special inflection -- kíboh ’we didn’t win’, ikboh ’he, she, it, they didn’t win’, chikboh ’you didn’t win’, akboh ’I didn’t win’, hachikboh ’y’all didn’t win’. to not kill (someone, something) ilí abih v. to kill oneself, commit suicide Also: ilíbih im ábih v. to beat (someone), defeat (in a game)

abih chakkálih v. nineteen, to be nineteen

abíhah v. older word to enter (of three or more) Also: albíhah see alhtoh enter (of two) chokwah enter (of one)

abíka adj. sick, ill n. the sick n. sickness, disease, illness syn. ililli abíka yósh while sick

abíka apílachi n. helper of the sick: nurse syn. abíka apísachi alikchi apílachi

abíka apísachi n. caretaker of the sick: nurse

abíka áyásha n. where the sick are: hospital

abíka yósh while sick abíka disease

abíkachih v. to make sick, sicken

abíkah v. to be sick

abíkat tahah v. to get sick

ábilhlhih v. to stake up, pole (beans, flowers)

ábina n. older word a camp, campsite

ábináchi n. a place where a camp has been made: camp, campsite

ábináchih v. obsolete to make a camp (for several nights)

ábinah v. older word to camp

ábiníli n. chair Also: ánásha chair

ábiníli ákolókachi n. rocking chair

ábiníli chanalli n. newer word rolling chair: wheelchair Also: ánásha chanalli

ábiníli faláya n. a long chair: couch, sofa Also: ánásha faláya

abíyah v. to go up (of one)

abóha n. living room, room inside of the house Also: abówa

abóha abíka áyásha n. newer word nurse's office

abóha áchisímówa n. school gym

Abóha Hilha n. House Dance Also: Chokka Hilha

abóha itikba n. porch

abóha itto̱talówa n. building with floors: multi-story building, floors

abóha kallo n. jail

abóha kallo abóshi n. jail cell

abóha kallo apísachi n. prison guard

abóha kallo biníli n. prisoner syn. abóha kallo fokka

abóha kallo fokka n. prisoner

abóha libishli n. heater

abóha óti n. stovewood

abóha pa̱shpoli n. janitor, custodian

ábohli n. place to deposit things (e.g. a cupboard, book depository, etc.)

abohlih idiom to be messy, cluttered like a thicket

abohlih n. woods, thicket, forest syn. hayáka

ábohlih v. to deposit, leave (something)

abóhoshi n. small room: closet, etc.

abókafah v. to collide, crash, slam into

abólah v. to happen intensely and then stop

abonnih v. to wrap up (baby, presents, etc)

abóshi n. bedroom, small room

abówah v. to hit, run into, strike ittabówah v. to collide, run into each other

aboyyachih v. to cause (someone) to climb

aboyyah v. to climb up, ascend syn. oyyah balít aboyyah v. to run up (a hill, etc.)

achaffa mo̱mah n. one more

achaffah v. one, to be one, be the same Also: chaffa áyachaffah v. to be one of (a group, family) ibá achaffah v. to be as one with ittibá achaffah v. to be as one together, agree Also: ittibáyachaffah Also: ittibá chaffah im achaffah v. to have one

achaffah iklannah n. one-thirty (1:30), half past one

acháfoli̱chih v. to do bit by bit, a little at a time, divide to space (plants in a garden) Also: acháfohchih

acháfo̱wah v. to be reduced, lessened, less, fewer

achahpi n. chunky (game) syn. cha̱kih

achákalíchih v. to add on to, do in addition to continue at a different time

achákalih v. to add to acháka̱lit adding to, doing more

acháka̱lit adding to, doing more achákalih

áchakápah v. to insult, disrespect Also: chakápa o̱chakápah

achápa n. partner (in a dance, business, etc.), mate, match (for a sock, etc.) see ittachápa match

achápah v. to match, talk back (in the sense of matching someone else)

acháyah v. to be attached to (in an emotional sense) acha̱yah v. to hit, bump into im acháya v. to be (emotionally) attached to (someone or something) ittacháyah v. to collide

acha̱yah v. to hit, bump into acháyah

-áchi̱ v. modal suffix future suffix

a̱chi n. quilt

a̱chichih v. to cover (another) (with something)

achífah v. to wash, clean

áchih v. to say (something) syn. áh makáchih called accuse áha̱chih v. to say (over and over) im aha̱chih v. to keep saying (over and over) to (someone) falammi̱t im áchih v. to say (something) back to, reply to, answer im áchih v. to say (something) to (someone)

a̱chih v. to cover oneself with (a blanket, towel, etc.), put on, wear

-áchikih v. suffix emphatic future suffix

áchi̱nih v. to seem like, look like Also: atchi̱nih

a̱chis n. orange (fruit)

-ácho v. suffix make sure to (do something), you better (do something)

-ácho̱kí v. suffix will definitely

achokkowa v. exactly, right on time

achokma á hoyoh v. newer word to hope, to be searching for good

achokmah v. to be good, be good at (doing something) achokmat well, good atchokmat adv. doing better, right, carefully, correctly im achokmah v. to feel good, be well, be happy to like (doing something), love, enjoy ik im achokmoh v. to feel bad, not feel well isht im achokmah v. to be excited about

achokmahnih v. to like, love also achokmah ahnih

achokmalih v. to do right, fine, good v. to be efficient, better atchokma̱lit adv. taking care, doing safely, properly

achokmálih v. to like (something), be fond of

achokmat well, good achokmah good

acho̱lih v. to sew nán áyacho̱li nán v. to sew together

achonnáchih v. to work hard at, do great at (work, arts, crafts)

acho̱wah v. to be sewn

afáchah v. to be latched, fastened

afáchalih v. to latch, fasten

áfaháta n. swing (playground)

áfalammi n. north syn. ákapassak imma oka falammi

áfalammi mahli n. north wind

afámah v. to meet

afammi n. year age (when possessed) birthday

Afammi Himóna Nittak n. New Year's Day

afammi nittak n. birthday

áfo n. grandfather Also: im áfo n. his/her grandfather Also: máfo

afo sipokni n. great-grandfather Also:

áfoha n. place to rest: hotel, inn, motel

áh v. to be (something)

áh v. to say (something) syn. áchih makáchih áha̱yah v. to say (repeatedly)

a̱h interj. yes

aha ahnih v. to be careful, pay attention, watch out v. to be cautious of, mindful of, careful of

áhabli n. step stool

áha̱chih v. to say (over and over) from áchih im aha̱chih

áhalalli n. handle (of a fridge, stove, door, etc.)

ahalláyah v. to be concerned, care, show interest isht ahalláyah v. to be concerned about, care about, show interest in

aháma n. lotion, ointment

aha̱shwah v. to stay (of two) from ashwah stay (of two) a̱shwah exist (of two) from ashwah

aha̱ttah v. to stay (for an extended time) from attah stay (of one)

áha̱yah v. to say (repeatedly) from áh

ahchibah v. to be boring im ahchibah v. to be bored, get tired of (someone or doing something)

ahchíbah v. to wait (a small time) im ahchi̱bah

ahchíbakma̱ adv. soon syn. chíkkosikma̱

ahchibálih v. to be in a rush to be bored or tired of (someone)

ahi n. potato (for some) sweet potato (for some) Also: ahi toksíli

-ahí v. suffix irr2

ahi cha̱poli sweet potato (for some)

ahi holba n. potato

ahi i̱ sho̱shi n. ladybug

-áhí kiyoh suffix can’t (do something), cannot

ahi lhabówa n. Irish potato

ahíka n. debt, bill

ahíka hoyo n. bill collector

ahíkachih v. to give (someone) credit (money), allow to put on credit

ahíkah v. to put (an item) on credit

áhikít iya n. starting place

áhi̱lah v. modal suffix can, may, will, should, would Also: -ahi̱ -ahi̱na -áhínah -ánah -hi̱nah

áhilha n. place to dance: dance hall

ahinnachi n. security

ahmáko̱ ahni n. tolerance

ahmako̱ ahnih v. to think about, consider

ahníchih v. to like, love

ahnih v. to hope, wish, want (something to happen) to think through, decide to know think ittiyahnih v. to take an interest in each other, have a crush on each other syn. ittachokmahnih

ahóbachih v. to do like (someone else), to imitate see ahwachih v. to trace, copy (writing, designs, etc.)

ahóbah v. to seem, look like, appear, be possible syn. ahówah ahwah ik ahóboh v. to be unsuccessful (in finding something) v. to seem to (someone), look like (to someone)

ahóbalih adv. to do (something) incompletely, poorly, cheaply, fakely ik ahóbáloh v. to not care for, not have concern for (a person, a pet)

ahóchih v. to find Also: aháchih

ahohchifóchih v. to name (someone) after

áhokchi n. garden syn. áhollokchi

áholábih v. to lie about (someone), tell a lie about holábih

áhollokchi n. garden, planted field syn. áhokchi

áholohpi n. cemetery syn. illi áhollopi

áhopóni n. where you cook: stove, kitchen syn. ná ánonáchi

áhopóni ollolhti n. stovewood (wood cut to the proper size to fit into a stove)

áhoshi̱tika n. shade

áhosho̱wa n. toilet

ahpalih v. to kiss syn. atókówah i̱ po̱sah

ahwachih v. to pretend to attempt, try act:like see ahóbachih

ahwah v. to seem, look like, appear syn. ahóbah Also: ahówah seem im ahwah v. to think, reckon amówah v. I think, I believe, it seems to me

ak- v. Iagr prefix 1sN

-ak n. suffix obl

ak ho̱kli idiom let me borrow

ák ókato as for

akahchih v. to knock down syn. akka pilah

aka̱k chito n. big chicken, turkey syn. fakit

aka̱k i̱ chokka hen house, chicken coop

aka̱k ishki n. hen

aka̱k nakni n. rooster from nakni

aka̱ka n. chicken (bird) Also: ka̱ka aka̱ka hokli n. chicken catcher, a job at a poultry factory that involved catching chickens to load onto trucks

aka̱ka ashíla n. chicken mush, a dish made by boiling chicken and adding corn meal to the broth. syn. ashíla

aka̱ka áwalakshi n. chicken and dumplings

aka̱ka hokli n. chicken catcher, a job at a poultry factory that involved catching chickens to load onto trucks from aka̱ka chicken hoklih catch

aka̱ka i̱ chalakwa n. chickenpox Also: aka̱k chilakwa

aka̱ka nipi n. chicken meat

aka̱koshi n. egg, chicken egg syn. lobo̱chi

aka̱koshi apa n. chicken snake (western rat snake) syn. abaksha

aka̱koshi áyalhto n. egg basket

aka̱koshi holba n. egg-shaped (oval)

aka̱koshi i̱ lakna n. egg yolk

ákala̱pichi n. freezer Also: kala̱pichi freezer

akallochih v. to tighten, glue

akalloh v. to be tightly connected, stuck together (like cement, superglue, etc.) ik akalloh v. to be loose (of a nail, etc.) syn. hoyápah

akammih v. to close (a door, etc.)

ákapassachi n. refrigerator Also: ákapassali

ákapassak imma toward the north syn. áfalammi

akchonólih v. to bow the head

áki̱li kat as soon as Also: áki̱ni kat

aki̱lih suffix ubd stem (one's) own same indeed, surely Also: -aki̱ -akíni -aki̱ni aki̱nih

aki̱lish abih v. to commit suicide

akílowáchi n. heartburn

akílowáchih v. to have heartburn

akka n. down, bottom, ground, floor comp. akka a̱yah a̱yah

akka a̱yah v. to walk along (the road) from akka a̱yah be going Also: akka̱yah

akka chonólih v. to bow the head see yakchinólih

akka ik im iyoh phrase to not back down

akka im ittolah v. to drop (accidentally) from (someone) The thing that falls is the subject of this verb.

akka imma adv. downward

akka iyah v. to go down Also: akkiyah see akkíyah

akka kala̱pi n. frost, frozen ground syn. hoto̱ti okti hata

akka patalhpo rug

akka pilah v. to drop (on purpose), throw down, cause to go down syn. akahchih akka im ittolah

akkatolah v. to fall down

akkiya particle too, also (used after a noun)

akkíyah v. to go down see akka iyah im akkiyah v. to give in (to another person), give up, back down

akkowáchih v. to lower (someone or something)

akkowah v. to get off of (a chair, airplane), get down from, step down from

akmo n. something sticky: glue, etc.

akmochih v. to glue, solder, weld Also: akmoshih

akmoh v. to be sticky

akni n. older brother or older sister

ákobáfa adj. broken off

akóposi n. closet Also: akópahosi

-akósh n. case suffix marker appearing after a noun and indicating a subject that is emphasized

akostini̱chi n. awareness isht akostini̱chi n. understanding of (something)

akostiníchih v. to find out, comprehend, understand, get it v. to be aware, be conscious, understand

akshish n. tendon, muscle root Also: hakshish root haksis root

akshish baláma n. calamus

akshish homakbi n. pink root

akshish lakna hata n. carrot

akshish lo̱bo homma n. beet

alah v. to arrive here (of one), get here, come here see áyalah ittaláchih of two álah v. to arrive (finally) falámat aha̱lah v. to keep coming back (here, of one) falámat alah v. to come back (here, of one), come back to, return here falammi̱t isht alah v. to bring (something, someone) back (here, of one) v. to be here for (someone), come for (someone) v. to bring (someone or something here, of one) nówat alah v. to walk here ta̱kla alah v. to come with (someone) see ta̱kla ittaláchih

álah v. to arrive (finally) from alah of one

alak osi n. brother-in-law Also: lakós

álashpa n. where it’s hot, hot area newer word south

alawwi̱chih v. to keep up, to be equal to

alawwih adv. equally neg. ik alawwoh inferior

albachi n. a practice, teachings

albi n. goal, goalpost (in stickball) see áyalbi goal

albilhah v. older word to be staked up (of beans, flowers)

albitílih v. to redo, do again

albiyásha n. guard, goalie (in stickball)

a̱lhi kiyoh phrase not really, not hardly, not truly

a̱lhichih v. to take (something) as true, take seriously

a̱lhih v. to be true to be real, be serious

alhíha n. a word appearing after a noun to indicate a group (whether animate or inanimate): a bunch, a group Also: alhíya

alhípa n. musical instrument, drum

alhípa chito n. drum Also: talhípa chito

alhípa chito bóli n. drummer

alhípa chito ikbi n. drum maker

alhípa chito isht bóli n. drumstick (for a drum)

alhípa ola n. radio

alhíposhi n. fiddle, violin

alhkama adj. closed

alhkamah v. to be closed (of a store, program, etc.)

alhkólichih v. to cause (three or more) to move Also: ilhkólichih Also: ilhkóchih

alhkólih v. to move, wiggle, sway

alhlhi post. edge (of a table, road, the sea, etc.) comp. chíkosi alhlhi ka̱ chíkosih

alhlhih v. to go as far as, go until (a stop, etc.), reach v. as long as, while adv. to do always, often a̱lhlhih v. to go as far as, be as much as

a̱lhlhih v. to go as far as, be as much as from alhlhih

alhlhika̱ conj. before, until

álho̱pa n. where something is pierced: hole (in a wall, shirt, etc.), puncture, perforation

alhpihchik n. nest

alhpila n. help, assistance

alhpisa adj. set, predetermined

alhpisáchih v. to make (something) right, do correctly

alhpisah v. to be judged, be like alhpísah v. to be right, correct, proper, fit, enough ik alhpísoh v. to be wrong, mistaken, not right v. to be calm, okay ik im alhpísoh v. to not feel well, not be right for (III) isht alhpísah v. to fit (of clothes), suit to be comfortable alhpi̱sah v. to be right

alhpísah v. to be right, correct, proper, fit, enough alhpisah ik alhpísoh isht alhpísah

alhpi̱sah v. to be right from alhpisah

alhpisáli n. fairness, honesty

alhpisálih v. to do (something) correctly

alhpishshi n. pillow

alhpishshi áfokka n. pillowcase

alhposhah v. to be baked, roasted see aposhlichih aposhlih

alhpowa adj. tame

alhpowa holisso birth certificate

alhpowah v. to be tame

alhpowah v. to be born Also: alhpówah

alhtaha adj. prepared

alhtahah v. to be finished, completed, done, ready ik alhtáhoh v. to be incomplete, not ready (of a task, material, food, etc.) im alhtahah v. to finish (doing something) to get ready, be ready ik im alhtáhoh v. to not be ready

alhtipo tent, teepee

alhtoba n. fee, expense v. to be paid

alhto̱ba n. replacement, alternative, substitute

alhto̱bah v. to replace (someone), substitute for, stand in for, fill in for

alhtoh v. to enter (of two or more) foka see abíhah enter (of three or more) chokwah enter (of one) v. to be inside (of two) ittibalhtoh v. to enter together ittiba̱lhtoh v. to be mixed together

alhtoka nittak n. election day

alhtokáchih v. to designate (someone)

alhtokah v. to be designated, elected

alího interj. ouch, ow

alikchi n. doctor

alikchi apílachi n. doctor's assistant: nurse syn. abíka apílachi abíka apísachi

alikchi ápisa n. place where you see a doctor: doctor's office, clinic, hospital

alikchi ino̱chi nan isht haklo n. stethoscope

alla n. child, young person, kid child of (someone, of any age)

alla alhtakla n. orphan

alla ánosi n. where a child sleeps: crib, cradle

alla chipo̱ta n. little children

alla himitta n. teen, teenager

alla im ishi̱sh n. woodland pink root Spigelia marilandica children’s medicine

alla nakni n. boy from nakni

alla okpolot taha n. a spoiled child okpolot tahah

alla osi n. little child, kid

alla sháli n. child carrier: school bus sháli carrier

alla sháli isht a̱ya n. school bus driver

alla sha̱lih v. to be pregnant, be with child

alla tík n. girl

alla tík himitta n. young girl (about 12-17), daughter

alla tík osi n. young girl (younger than 10)

allosi n. baby, toddler

allo̱si n. small baby, infant

allo̱si holba n. something resembling a child: doll, etc.

almoh v. older word to be picked (of ripe fruit, plants, etc.)

áloma n. hiding:place

alótachih v. to fill (a form, etc.) out

alótah v. to be full (of one) see alottowah of two or more

alótat tahah v. to fill up (of a tub, etc.), get full

alótolih v. to fill (a container), fill with (something), fill out (a form)

alottowah v. to be full (of two or more) see alótah of one

alwasha adj. fried

alwashah v. to be fried

am- n. poss prefix marker appearing before a noun and translating as 'my' pro. prefix marker appearing before a verb and translating as 'to me', 'for me', or 'from me' Also: a̱- sa̱- sam- see sa- contr amówah ahwah

ámíti v. originating from, coming from, being from (a place) mítih

ammi poss. pro. older word mine

ammómih adv. not at all, to any extent completely

ammónah v. to be first see ti̱kba

ammót doing completely, really

amoh v. to pick (cotton, vegetables, beans--not potatoes or carrots)

amówah v. I think, I believe, it seems to me contr am- my; to me, for me; from me im ahwah think ahwah

ánáchífa n. place to wash clothes: laundromat, laundry, etc.

A a

anak fíhna pro. I:myself

anák illah by myself, just me illah only

anak máko me too, I also

anakbánoh just me, by myself

anakshowáchih v. to singe (something)

anaktapa adj. greedy

análhah v. to be nailed

analhlhichih v. to nail

analhlhih v. to nail (something) in

anáto pro. I, as for me, myself (distinguishing yourself from someone else)

ani n. fruit, berry, seed, cone comp. tiyak ani pine cone tiyak

aníchi n. abscess, sore

anih v. to pour into (a container), fill, put (a liquid) in see ápittah

annólih v. to finally tell on (someone) from anólih

anno̱pa n. word, language, message, news language

anno̱pa átobah v. to be talked about

anno̱pa holítopa tishóli n. preacher, minister, pastor

anno̱pa ilbashsha n. prayer from ilbashshah to be poor, pitiful, impoverished, humble

anno̱pa ilbashsha asilhhah v. to pray asilhlhah

anno̱pa imítoshólih v. to interpret for (someone) anno̱pa toshólih interpret

anno̱pa kallo n. harsh words anno̱pa kallo onohchih condemn

anno̱pa kallo onohchih v. older word to swear (someone) in, take an oath from (someone) ph. v. of anno̱pa kallo harsh words

anno̱pa kashápa n. parts of language: words, verses in the Bible, verses in a poem, etc.

anno̱pa miha n. a promise

anno̱pa noktálachi n. counselor

anno̱pa okpolo n. insult, cuss, swear word, bad word

anno̱pa onohchi n. prosecutor

anno̱pa toshóli n. translator, interpreter Also: anno̱pa tishóli

anno̱pa toshólih v. to interpret, translate Also: anno̱pa tishólih anno̱pa imítoshólih v. to interpret for (someone)

annowah v. to be told

ano pro. I, me mine

-ano n. case suffix marker indicating that the preceding phrase is a topic and also not a subject ac2

ano ak kiya me too, I also, me as well -kiya

ano aki̱lih myself mine indeed

anoho̱lih v. to tell (repeatedly) from anólih

anoho̱lih v. to keep talking, talk about

ano̱ka post. inside, within, in Also: anóka

ano̱ka fokka n. slip (article of clothing)

ano̱kálhto n. drawer

anokbikílih v. to be stuffed (from eating)

anokchi̱toh v. to depend on

anokfila n. mind, thought

anokfillih v. to think about (something), consider, wonder

anokfohka post. internally

anokfo̱kka n. something deep within: desires, feelings, emotions

anokfo̱kkah v. to be in (someone’s thoughts), be on one's mind

anokfokkih v. to instill (in someone's mind) Also: anokfohki see fokkih

anokhobílah v. older word to be angry, furious

anokkilli n. hatred

anoklhaka̱chah v. to be astonished, excited to be startled, frightened

anoklhamallih v. to drown on (water, etc.), choke on (a liquid), have a liquid go up the nose Also: noklhamallih oklhamallih

anokpallichi n. excitement

anokpallih v. to desire

anokpallih v. to sneak up on

anokshomo̱tah v. to be furious

anokshowah v. to be singed off (of hair or skin) Also: anoksho̱fah anokshowah

anokta̱pa adj. older word greedy, insatiable, unsatisfiable

anokwiyah v. to be afraid (to do or say something)

anólih v. to tell (a story, etc.) to tell on (someone) annólih v. to finally tell on (someone) anoho̱lih v. to tell (repeatedly) a̱t im anólih v. to come and say (something) to (someone) im anólih v. to tell (something) to (someone)

ano̱poho̱li v. speak (repeatedly or for a long time) from ano̱polih

ano̱polih v. to speak, talk Also: anópolih ano̱poho̱li v. speak (repeatedly or for a long time) im ano̱polih v. to speak to (someone) isht ano̱polih v. to discuss, talk about

anoshkonnah v. to idolize, love (something)

ánosi n. bed syn. átashki topah

ano̱ti adv. again, then again, on the other hand, and then Also: anóti Also: ano̱t

ánówa n. track (of an animal) walkway, path, sidewalk

apah v. to eat (a specific food) see i̱pah

apakfoblih v. to wrap (something) around (something)

apakfópah v. to go around (a chair, etc.), surround Also: apakfówah

apakna n. top post. above, on top of Also: pakna top

apaknaka̱ post. above Also: paknaka apakna̱ka̱ n. just above, right above

apakna̱ka̱ n. just above, right above apaknaka̱ above

ápala n. skillet, frying pan

apalhih v. older word to lurk, prowl

ápallaska n. baking pan

apánokfila silik toba n. cocoon, chrysalis

apat pisah v. to taste (a food), try eating

a̱pata n. plate Also: ápata

apátah v. to be sitting or lying beside, get beside, be next to see lapálika apa̱tah v. to be right next to

apa̱tah v. to be right next to apátah beside

api n. plant stem, tree trunk wooden handle tree (in names of trees)

apíhah v. to be with (someone, of three or more) ittapíhah v. to be together (of a group of people)

apílachi n. aide, assistant, helper, volunteer

apílah v. to help, assist v. to help each other

apíli n. older word hurricane

ápisa n. window, mirror Also: ná ápisa

ápisa tala n. window sill

apísachih v. to guard, watch (a child)

apísa̱chih v. to watch, keep an eye on be:careful

apísah v. to accuse decide

apísah v. to measure to host, arrange, organize

apishshiyáchi n. porch syn. abóha itikba abóha itikba chokkitikba Also: apishshiya

apishshiyáchi o̱poholmo n. porch roof

ápisóshi n. little window, mirror

apissah v. to be straight

apissalih v. to straighten (something), straighten (a person) out (with advice, correction, etc.) apissa̱lit going straight to (a place), directly

apissa̱lit going straight to (a place), directly apissalih

apistikílih v. to tease, disturb, bother, pester

ápittah v. to put (more than one thing) in to pour (a liquid) into This word is used for pouring an object into something that is not a typical container. see anih

a̱po n. bowl

apo̱fachih v. to blow into (an instrument,

apoksháma n. diaper Also: apokshammo

apokshammichih v. to change a diaper

apónaklochih v. to ask (someone) (something) Also: apánaklochih ponaklochih

ápópowáchih v. to cover over (as when covering roots with dirt)

aposhlichih v. to bake (bread) see alhposhah

aposhlih v. to bake (of bread), roast (of meat) see alhposhah

apótah v. to be beside, sit or lie beside

ápótah v. to borrow (something) from (someone)

apotkachi parallel

ásanálih v. to be opposite (of someone), against (someone) ittiyásanálih v. to be opposite of each other to be conflicting, against each other, opposed

ásh sfx. marker used after a noun phrase that was mentioned previously (often translating as ‘the’ or ‘that’) marker used after a noun phrase from the past Also: yásh

asháchih v. to set down, put down (two or more objects, such as firewood, food, etc). im asháchih v. to provide (something) for (someone), take (two or more) to

áshah v. to live, stay, reside (of two or more) to be doing something (used with a preceding verb) Also: ayyásha see ashwah stay (of two) attah stay (of one) áyáshah stay (of three or more) a̱shah v. to be sitting there (of one or more people or animals) im a̱shah v. to have (three or more objects)

a̱shah v. to be sitting there (of one or more people or animals) from áshah plural subject

a̱shaka post. behind syn. olbaláka n. butt, posterior Also: áshaka

ashána adj. locked

asha̱na adj. locked, screwed on

ashannichih v. to lock, screw on

ashannih v. to lock, screw on

ashíkono̱pah v. to be tangled (of hair, thread, etc.)

ashíla n. a kind of food usually made with chicken and cornmeal: cornmush syn. aka̱ka ashíla

ashílichih v. to wind (something like thread) around (something)

ashippah v. to cool, get cold (of food)

ashko n. dishes

ashko áyachífa n. kitchen sink Also: áshko áchífa

áshobolli n. chimney

ashsha n. mistake, sin

ashshachi n. sin hell

ashshachih v. to be wrong about (something), be inaccurate about (something), sin

ashshali̱chit (do) quickly, hurry up and (do, before something happens) Also: ashshali̱t

ashshali̱ka adv. immediately

ashshowah v. to smell, sniff see ho̱wah

ashwah v. to stay at, live at (of two) see áshah plural subject attah stay (of one) áyáshah stay (of three or more) aha̱shwah v. to stay (of two) a̱shwah v. to be there, exist (of two) see a̱ttah exist (of one) ma̱yah exist (of three or more) hn-gr aha̱shwah ashwah

a̱shwah v. to be there, exist (of two) from ashwah stay (of two) see a̱ttah exist (of one) from attah ma̱yah exist (of three or more) aha̱shwah

asilhlha shahli n. beggar

asilhlhah v. to request, ask for to pray for Also: alhissah pray asihha asilhhah anno̱pa ilbashsha asilhhah v. to pray to beg (someone) for (something) to pray to (someone) for (something)

asíta n. older word rawhide rope or string, leather string

ásítah v. to want something, desire something to want (something) from someone

askofáchi n. sash Also: alhkofáchi

askofáchi i̱ tali takáli n. belt buckle

askofáchi ikbi n. sash maker Also: alhkofáchi ikbi

asónak n. bucket, pail syn. isht óchi Also: aso̱k

assano n. adult, grown up

assano̱chi n. an elder, older person, senior Also: assanóchi

assano̱chi áyásha n. nursing home

assanóchih v. to raise (a child)

assano̱chih v. to be an elder

assanoh v. to grow up ik assa̱noh v. to not be old enough

at particle marker used after a noun phrase to indicate the subject of a sentence

a̱t dir. marker appearing before a verb to indicate that the subject comes and does the action: come and (do) ant o̱t

a̱t chokwah v. to come into (a house, car, etc.), come get in ph. v. of chokwah enter (of one)

a̱t hikíyah to come and stand (of one) ph. v. of hikíyah of one

a̱t i̱ wílih v. to come offer (money, etc.) to (someone) ph. v. of wílih

a̱t im anólih v. to come and say (something) to (someone) ph. v. of anólih

a̱t i̱pah v. to come eat ph. v. of i̱pah

a̱t ishih v. to come take ph. v. of ishih

a̱t ittahóbah v. to come gather, come meet ph. v. of ittahóbah

a̱t iyah v. to pass by (of one), come by, go by ph. v. of iyah of one see o̱t iyah iyah

áta̱blih v. to do (something) too much; excessive

átaha adj. empty n. tired out

atahlih v. to prepare, set

átakáchi n. a place to hang something: hanger (for clothes, pictures, stickball sticks, etc.)

átakáli n. where something can hang: a frame

ataklama n. worries, problems

ataklamah v. to have a lot going on, to worry isht ataklamah v. to worry about . to be bothered

atakla̱mah v. to be busy

ataklammih v. to bother, nag

átallakchi n. jail from tallakchih

átalówa n. where one sings at: choir stall; or from: songbook from á talówah

áta̱pa n. the rest, the remainder, extras

atápachi n. stopper (for a bath, sink etc.), plug, brakes

atápachih v. to stop (something or someone)

átapah v. to be excessive, do excessively, do too much áta̱pah v. to be too much, be excessive

to do something too much, excessively im áta̱pah v. to be too big for

áta̱pah v. to be too much, be excessive

to do something too much, excessively átapah im áta̱pah

atápochih v. to button

átashki bed syn. ánosi topah

atayyah v. to lean against

atchokma̱lit adv. taking care, doing safely, properly ph. v. of better from achokmalih

atchokmat adv. doing better, right, carefully, correctly ph. v. of achokmah good

atíblichih v. to press on, compress something, like a wire

atílichih v. to compact, pat down

átiwáchi n. mixer, mixing bowl, stirrer

átiya n. bathroom, restroom where someone goes: path, etc.

ato determiner marker used after a noun phrase to bring up a topic: where is (someone)? what about (someone)?

-ato n. case suffix marker indicating that the preceding phrase is a topic and also a subject

atobbih v. to pay (something) Also: ato̱bbih im atobbih v. to pay to (someone)

atoblichi n. encouragement

atoblichih v. to encourage

atohchínah ord. third isht atohchínah to be third of (a group)

atohnah v. to be assigned to

atohnochi n. orders, authorization

atohnochih v. to encourage or instruct (someone) to do (something) to sic (a dog on someone), have attack Also: ohnochih

-átok n. suffix topic

átokásh v. because of (something in the past)

atokkoh v. to take shelter

atokkowah v. to be fair, equal, exact, truthful

atokla̱chih v. to do twice atokla̱t doing a second time also atokla̱chit

atoklah v. to be second isht atoklah v. to be second of (kids in a family, etc.)

atokla̱t doing a second time atokla̱chih also atokla̱chit

atókolih v. to appoint, assign, pick, vote for

atókówah v. to kiss syn. ahpalih

áto̱ksali n. worksite

átóli n. ball park, ball game

átónih v. to swarm (of bugs, etc.)

átoyya n. ladder, stairs, steps

attah v. to stay, live (someplace) (of one) to behave see áshah plural subject ashwah stay (of two) áyáshah stay (of three or more) aha̱ttah v. to stay (for an extended time) a̱ttah v. to be (in a place, of one), stay Also: a̱tah see a̱shwah exist (of two) ma̱yah exist (of three or more) awa̱t a̱ttah v. to stay with (someone) ibá a̱ttah v. to stay with (someone) ta̱kla a̱ttah v. to stay with (someone) attat nówah v. to travel, move from place to place isht attah v. to mess with, pick at, fiddle with Usually used with the -t suffix before another verb. to do (an activity), do (something that is not your main occupation), mess around with

a̱ttah v. to be (in a place, of one), stay from attah stay (of one) see a̱shwah exist (of two) from ashwah ma̱yah exist (of three or more) Also: a̱tah awa̱t a̱ttah ibá a̱ttah ta̱kla a̱ttah

attat a̱yah v. to wander, hang around, visit

attat nówah v. to travel, move from place to place from attah stay (of one) nówah

awah achaffah v. eleven, to be eleven

awah hannálih v. sixteen, to be sixteen

awah oshtah v. fourteen, to be fourteen

awah o̱tohchínah v. eighteen, to be eighteen

awah o̱tokloh v. seventeen, to be seventeen

awah tahlhápih v. fifteen, to be fifteen

awah tohchínah v. thirteen, to be thirteen

awah tokloh v. twelve, to be twelve

áwalhallichi n. boiler

awánablichih v. to exceed, go over

awánablih v. to cross over (a road, a lake, etc.), go over falámat awánablih v. to cross back over (a river, etc.)

Awánablit O̱t Iya n. Passover

awashlih v. to fry

awa̱t adv. along with

awa̱t a̱ttah v. to stay with (someone) a̱ttah exist (of one) from attah

awa̱t iyah v. to go along with (somebody) iyah of one

awa̱t mi̱tih v. to come with (someone) mi̱tih from mítih

awáta adj. wide

awátah v. to be wide ik awátoh v. to be narrow, not wide

awáyah v. to marry (someone), living together (but not married)

áwinákachi n. rocking chair

áwiyachi n. older word a swarm (of birds, insects, etc.)

ayábichi n. a place to make money

áyachaffah v. to be one of (a group, family) achaffah be one one

a̱yah v. to be going about, going around, moving about to be present, here, be in (a place) to be doing akka a̱yah v. to walk along (the road) Also: akka̱yah falámat im a̱yah v. to come back to (someone) isht a̱yah v. to carry, bring to drive (a car, etc.) to take care of, manage takla a̱yah v. to be going with (someone)

áyakmoh v. to stick to

áyakshochi n. funeral

áyakshochih v. to have a funeral Also: áyikshochih

áyalah v. to arrive here (of three or more) to go (do something) and return see alah of one ittaláchih of two

áyalbi n. older word goal zone (in stickball) see albi

áya̱lhi n. truth, justice

áya̱lhih v. to be true

áyásha n. place where (things or people are)

áyáshah v. to stay at, live at (of three or more) see áshah plural subject ashwah stay (of two) attah stay (of one)

áyatókoli n. a place to vote, polling place, voting booth

áyatta n. dwelling, place of residence

áyattah v. to reside at a place

áyawashli n. something to fry in: frying pan Also: áwashli

áyáya n. cry ceremony

ayihlichih v. older word to wash hair (of another)

ayihlih v. to wash one’s own hair Also: ayilih

áyilípisa n. mirror, place to look at oneself

áyimábachi abóha n. newer word classroom, practice room, tutoring center

ayi̱na to be added, in addition, too, also Also: ayína

áyi̱pa n. table

áyíshi n. handle

áyishih v. to pick out to get the hang of, pick up (a skill)

áyishko n. cup, coffee cup

áyishko áyasháchi n. where you put dishes: cupboard, cabinet syn. nán asháchi Also: áyasháchi Also: ashko ásháchi

áyishko malassa n. saucer

áyisht hikít iyah v. to begin at (a place) hikít iyah start iyah

ayiskachih v. to clean (house, yard) to prepare (food)

ayiskah v. to fix, repair

áyittafáma n. gathering place

áyittanáha n. church

áyittatóba n. store, trading post

áyittibi n. war Áyittibi Lhopolli I̱ Nittak n. Veterans Day

Áyittibi Lhopolli I̱ Nittak n. Veterans Day from áyittibi

áyittichákali n. joint, connection, juncture, fork in the road

ayo̱ba adj. rare better

ayo̱bah v. to not be good syn. ayo̱bah kiyoh to be good

ayo̱bah kiyoh v. to be ugly, not good, messed up syn. ayo̱bah

ayo̱ba̱kat adv. doing in a good way

áyo̱biníli n. chair

áyo̱cho̱li n. something you write on: blackboard, etc. syn. abacho̱li

áyo̱cholóli n. descendant

áyo̱cholólih v. to descend from, grow from

áyo̱hikíya n. foundation (of a house)

áyohmichih v. to do like this

áyo̱holissochi n. place for writing: desk, journal Also: áholissochi áyo̱holossochi

áyokámi n. washpan, sink

ayokchilhílih v. older word to stare at Also: okchifílih

áyokla n. kin, relation

áyokli adj. older word beautiful

ayókomah v. be confused, jumbled together, shuffled

ayókomih v. to shuffle, mix up

ayokpachih v. to welcome, acknowledge, greet ayokpa̱chih v. to approve of

ayokpa̱chih v. to approve of from ayokpachih

ayokpalih v. to approve of (someone), accept to greet, welcome

áyokpolóka n. terrible place, hell, tragedy

áyokshinilli n. place to swim: swimming pool syn. áyopi

ayommah v. older word to be mixed in ik ittayammoh to not have enough, not mix together (like oil and water)

ayommih v. to mix

áyonah v. to arrive there (of three or more) Also: ána see ittonáchih of two onah of one falámat áyónah v. to come back there to (of three or more), get back to, return to falámat im áyónah v. to return there to (someone, of three or more), go back there to

ayonókachih v. older word to root up (like hogs or armadillos) Also: woshóchih

áyopi n. bathtub, shower syn. áyokshinilli

áyópisa n. exhibition, show from yópisah

áyópisa chito n. fair

áyo̱taláya n. base, foundation

áyo̱talóha n. place things are set on: shelf, a rack

áyóti n. a place to build a fire: fireplace, fire pit syn. lowak áhokmi lowak áyololhti lowak áyololhti lowak áyóti lowak áyóti

ayówah v. to pick up, gather (more than one) Also: alówah ayyowah ayyówah

ayyabíchih v. to make worse (health, a situation)

ayyabih v. to be worse (of an illness or injury)

ayyichiffichi n. merlin, pigeon hawk

ayyokálih v. every to be different (of things, places, etc.) Also: ayyoka Also: ayyoka

ayyokpalih v. to make happy, please, bring gladness

B b

-bá n. suffix only, all see bánoh

bachálih v. to put (one) across to put (one) in a row see bachólih two or more

bacháya n. a row see bachóha two or more

bacháyah v. to get in a row (of one) see bachóhah of two or more v. to be lying across

bachóha n. rows see bacháya one iti bachóha n. footbridge (made of several logs)

bachóhah v. to get into rows (of two or more) see bacháyah of one

bachólih v. to put (two or more) in rows see bachálih one

bafáha n. bush, underbrush

baháfah v. to get poked, jabbed

bahaffih v. to poke, jab

bahcha n. ridge

Bahcha Mala̱ta n. Crystal Ridge

bahlih v. to puncture

bahpo n. nut and corn pudding

bahta n. bag, sack

baiyi n. white oak Also: bayyi

baiyi holba n. chestnut oak

bakbak n. red-headed woodpecker, woodpecker (any kind)

bakka̱hah v. to beat (with stick, bat, etc.) Also: pakka̱hah

bakówa adj. spotted with large spots, dappled

balaklih v. to push oneself up, crawl up

balálih v. to crawl

balalli n. vine or stem that grows out, creeping or running vine

balámachih v. to cause to smell good ná isht balámachi n. air freshener

balámah v. to smell (of a fragrance, something burnt)

Balba̱cha n. New Orleans Lower Mississippi river syn. Balbahatcha

balbáha n. speaker of a foreign language

balbáhah v. to speak a foreign or unknown language

Balbahatcha n. Lower Mississippi river (Foreign language speaker river) syn. Balba̱cha

balíchih v. to run (vehicle, device, etc.), start, set

balíli n. runner

balílih v. to run (of one) see tilháyah of two yilhípah of three or more v. to dash, run off quickly v. to be running (of a person or motor)

balít running

balít aboyyah v. to run up (a hill, etc.) aboyyah

bálokka n. pants

bálokka anóka fokka n. underwear (men's)

bálokka tapa n. shorts

bálokkosi n. underwear

balop n. slippery elm tree

banáha n. corn shuck bread see ta̱chi hakshop ta̱chi ta̱chi hakshop ta̱chi ta̱sh yammaska

banáya n. a ridge for planting, corn ridge

bannah v. to want to try (to do something) to need (to do) see I want á bannah v. to want (choosing from several items)

bánoh v. to be altogether, only (of a certain way) to be alone, by oneself, nothing but to be bare, naked times, by (in multiplication) see -bá iyyi bánoh v. to be barefoot

basáchih v. to snap (the fingers)

basah n. pike fish

basha n. a cut, incision

bashah v. to be cut (as by a knife, broken glass)

basha̱kchi n. common elder, elderberry

ba̱shkah v. to be friendly, be good-natured

bashlih v. to cut (with a knife, broken glass)

bashokcha n. black sumac

bashpo n. knife

bashposhi n. small knife (e.g. a paring knife)

bashshih v. to wilt

bashto n. overcup oak

baskah v. to game, gamble, play with cards

baso̱lash n. bile, gall

baso̱lash áyalhto n. gall bladder

basówah v. to be striped

bati n. white sumac

bichollih v. to bend (a stick, wire, etc.)

bichótah v. to bend (as a stem, tree trunk, etc.)

bihhi n. mulberry Also: bihi

bihhi api n. mulberry tree

Bihhi Áyásha n. Place of Mulberries (Pearl River Community) Also: Biyásha

bihhi chito n. fig

bihhi chito api n. fig tree

Bihhi hashi n. Mulberry month (May)

bíkah v. adv2 suffix to do all the time Also: -bíka

bi̱kah v. to be like, similar adv. both

bikílih v. to have tightness of the stomach, difficulty breathing, feel faint

bikoblih v. to bud, blossom, sprout

bila n. lard, shortening, oil, grease syn. níya

bila chapka n. cockroach

bila palah n. oil lamp, kerosene lamp

bila sokko n. gravy

bila tahli n. cockroach syn. bila chapka

biláchih to melt (something) syn. bilílih

bilah v. to dissolve, melt (of butter, etc.)

bilásapi n. sugarcane (the plant molasses comes from)

bilásis n. syrup, molasses

bilhiblih v. older word to point (somebody) out see bilhlhih

bilhípah v. to get down on hands and knees

bilhlhih v. to point at see bilhiblih

bili̱ka post. nearby, near, close to, beside

bili̱kachih v. to move (something) close to

bili̱kah v. to be close, approach

bilílih v. to dissolve, melt (sugar, butter, etc.) syn. biláchih Also: bilihlih

bilíyah v. to keep going, keep on to happen for a very long time v. to always (do something)

bilokchi n. kerosene, lamp oil syn. palah okchi

bilokchi palah n. oil lamp

bim n. the roaring sound of a large fire or a large river, the boom of something falling

bina n.

bináchi n. a camp

bináchih v. to camp out (for one night)

binílichih v. to cause (one) to sit, seat Also: biníchih see binohlichih two or more

binílih v. to sit (of one) to hold a job, position see binohlih chi̱hah of two v. to be sitting (of one) Also: bini̱nih o̱ binílih v. to sit on (of one) to ride (a horse, bicycle, etc., of one) o̱t binílih v. to go sit

binít áyi̱cho̱li n. desk

binohlichih v. to set (two or more) down Also: binohchih see binílichih

binohlih v. to sit (of three or more) see binílih of one chi̱hah of two v. to be sitting (of three or more)

bishkokok n. American robin Also: bishko̱ko

bishkommak n. cardinal, tanager

biskinik n. yellow-bellied sapsucker

bissa n. blackberry or raspberry

bissa api n. blackberry (cane or plant)

Bissa hashi n. Blackberry month (June)

bita n. headband, headwrap

bita̱lih v. to be cracked (like the crust of cornbread)

bitílih v. older word to put on, wear (a headband or headwrap)

biyakak n. hawk, chickenhawk Also: biya̱kak

biyo̱kko n. strawberry

bohlih v. to put, place, store (one) see kahpolih put (two) aba bohlih v. to put away, put up, store pit bohlih v. to place it there

bohpoli n. Choctaw little people Also: kowánokásha

bohpolih v. older word to throw, toss, sling (one)

bók n. creek

Bók Chito n. Bogue Chitto community (Big Creek)

Bók Homma n. Red Creek (Bogue Homa community)

bokáfah v. to pop once (of a balloon, blister, etc.), burst, explode see bokahlih of two or more

bokaffih v. to pop (a balloon, etc.) once, break open, burst see bokahlichih

bokahlichih v. to pop (balloons, fireworks, etc.) more than once see bokaffih one

bokahlih v. to pop more than once (of popcorn, machine gun, etc.) see bokáfah

bokbokih v. to be speckled (like ‘salt and pepper’ hair), roan

bokkáchih v. to beat once (as with a plank)

bokka̱hah v. to beat several times (as with a plank)

bokko n. mound, hillock, knoll, bank

bókoshi n. creek

bókoshi nani n. sun perch

bóli ola n. drum beat

bólih v. to hit, beat ishit bólih v. to hit with (stones, a ball, etc.)

bolokta n. square

bolokta faláya n. rectangle syn. chokbika oshta lapálika faláya

bolómas n. women’s underwear, panties

bonnih v. to roll up, wrap up

bonótah v. to curl up (like a baby), roll up, wrap up á bono̱tah v. to be rolled up in, wrapped up in (a blanket)

boshah v. to be wrung out see boshlih

boshlih v. to wring out (a rag, etc.) see boshah

boshollichih v. to break into pieces (a dollar bill into smaller amounts), crumble

bota n. flour

botólih v. to grind

botolli n. pieces (broken or chipped) syn. kobolli

bówah v. to be beaten (physically)

C c

-cha v. suffix ss Also: -chá

-cha particle really?

chafah v. to run, be able to run (of an engine, etc.) cha̱fah v. to be running (of an engine, etc.) ik cháfoh v. to not start (of an engine), not run, not turn on, not work

cha̱fah v. to be running (of an engine, etc.) chafah

chaffichih v. to send (one person, etc.) to (a place) to turn on (a light, a car) see yolhílih (two or more) falammi̱t chaffichih v. to send (someone) back to (a place) i̱ chaffichih v. to send (someone, something) to, for (someone else) to start up (a car) for, crank up (a car)

cháha adj. tall

cháhah v. to be tall, high

cháhalíchih v. to go higher

chahi n. hoe

Chahta n. Choctaw Chahta im isht talówa n. Choctaw hymns

Chahta anno̱pa n. Choctaw language syn. Chahta im anno̱pa

Chahta hilha n. Choctaw dance

Chahta hilha i̱ talówa n. Choctaw chanter

Chahta i̱ fokka lo̱bo n. Choctaw shirt Also: Chahta fokka lo̱bo Chahta lokka lo̱bo

Chahta i̱ fokka lo̱bo ikbi n. Choctaw shirt maker Also: Chahta lokka lo̱bo ikbi

Chahta i̱ lokka n. Choctaw dress

Chahta i̱ lokka ikbi n. Choctaw dress maker

Chahta ilífokka ikbi n. Choctaw clothing maker

Chahta im anno̱pa the language of the Choctaw syn. Chahta anno̱pa

Chahta im ilífokka n. Choctaw traditional clothing Also: Chahta ilífokka

Chahta im isht talówa n. Choctaw hymns from Chahta Choctaw

Chahta imma n. Choctaw culture in the Choctaw way

Chahta immi n. Choctaw lifeways

Chahta talówa n. Choctaw song, Choctaw singer

Chahtanno̱pa im ábachi n. Choctaw language teacher ná im ábachi ná

chahto n. older word drought

chakchak n. red-bellied woodpecker

chakcho n. rare maple tree

chakcho kallo n. sugar maple tree Also: chakcho imóshi

cha̱kih n. chunky (game) syn. achahpi

chakippa n. older word gizzard

chakkálih v. nine, to be nine

chakla n. oyster syn. okfolosh

chakófah v. to be notched (of one) see chakówah be notched (of two or more)

chakohlichih v. to notch (two or more) Also: chakohlih

chako̱li n. decoration

chako̱lih v. to decorate

chakówah v. to be notched (of two or more) see chakófah be notched (of one)

chala̱kah v. to scream

chalakbih v. to be sticky

chalakwa n. measles, skin disease

chalakwah v. to have measles, a skin disease Also: chilakwah

cha̱lhachchi n. brown thrasher Also: cha̱lhakchi

chalhákachih v. to rattle

chalhakwa n. copperhead snake Agkistrodon contortrix

cha̱lhchahah v. to cackle

chalhlhih v. to split (wood, rivercane, etc.) syn. cholhlhih

chalhpi n. rare bark (from a dead tree)

cha̱lih v. to chop (with an axe), mow (grass), peck

chamákachih v. to ring (like a bell) Also: chamáhachih

-chámo v. suffix long:ago

chanáfila n. smooth blackhaw

chanáha n. wheel, ring, disk

chanáhah v. to roll, turn round (of a wheel, disc)

chanakbih v. older word to be bent (of metal) syn. tanakbih

chanallichih v. to roll (a tire, etc.) syn. tonollichih

chanallih v. to roll (of a wheel, etc.)

chanashshik n. wasp Also: chinashshik chishik Also: chashshik

cha̱pko n. shin

cha̱políchih v. to sweeten, season (food)

cha̱polih v. to be sweet, tasty i̱ cha̱polih v. to like (a food, candy, drink etc.)

cha̱sah v. to scream (of a siren), ring (of ears)

chasákachih v. to tap, clink (the sound of something hitting metal or glass)

chásh v. suffix marker appearing after a nonfinal verb and indicating a remote past: when (something happened) long ago, that (someone did something) long ago Also: ohchásh

cha̱sha n. to rattle (like a rattlesnake rattle)

chasháhachih v. to rustle (of leaves, etc.)

chashap n. katydid

cha̱shpo adj. way, way, way, back dinosaurs and big bugs. syn. ti̱kba

chassalah v. older word to be bent over backwards

cha̱yah v. to be chopped (as of wood)

chi- your you you 2sII

-chi v. > v. suffix caus

-chi v. suffix wonder

chi̱- n. prefix 2sIII Also: chi̱-

chi̱cha n. ginger < English ginger

chi̱chis n. older word bed bug syn. topah i̱ sho̱shi < Spanish

chícho particle to be unsure, guess about an event

chifak n. something sharp and pointed: nail (the tool), pitchfork, etc. fork Also:

chifak kamassa ishit nalhlhi n. nail gun

chíhah v. to sit (of two)

chi̱hah v. to be sitting (of two) Also: chi̱yah see binílih of one binohlih

Chihówa n. God

Chihówa Oshi Falámat Tánih Nittak n. Easter

chik- v. prefix 2sN

Chikásha n. Chickasaw

chikchik n. winter wren

chikchiki n. dots, spots, polkadots

chikchikih v. to be speckled, spotted, dotted

chiki̱bah particle it’s not really that way, yeah right (joking phrase)

chikíchih v. to poke, jab to give an injection, shot

chíkikásh adv. a little while ago, not too long ago

chikissa n. plain, ordinary

chikki̱hah v. to punch through, poke through (a box, a fire) syn. chilhlhi̱hah

chikkósih quickly

chíkkosikma̱ adv. soon syn. ahchíbakma̱

chiko̱lih v. to cut unevenly

chíkosi alhlhi ka̱ adv. for a little while from chíkosih alhlhi edge

chíkosih adv. in a moment, soon chíkosi alhlhi ka̱ adv. for a little while

chíkosih nokówa n. easily angered person

chíkosikásh adv. a very short time ago, recently

chila̱kachih v. to make scream, yell from chila̱kah

chila̱kah v. to scream, yell chila̱kachih v. to make scream, yell

chila̱tak n. pileated woodpecker to scream the vocable ’tak’

chila̱takholba n. older word pelican

chilhlhi̱hah v. to poke (a fire) syn. chikki̱hah

chilhlhinóha n. soreness, ache Also: chilhlhinówa

chilhlhinóhah v. to ache, be sore Also: chilhlhinówah

chilhpatta n. water oak

chílih v. to lay (an egg)

chiliswah v. to have the measles

chilítah v. to be fierce, hateful

chilófah v. to pay (something) i̱ chilófah v. to pay (something) to (someone)

chilok n. hole (in the ground)

chilokkah v. to shell, shuck (corn, peas, etc.)

chilo̱sah v. to be quiet Also: cholo̱sah chollo̱sah v. to be very quiet Also: chillo̱sah

chim your (used before most nouns) to you, for you (used before verbs) Also: chi̱

chimá phrase from you (2nd person dative marker + locative marker)

chiniffih v. to pinch syn. chinólih

chinísa n. runt, midget

chinissa n. chipmunk

chinólih v. to pinch, squeeze (chubby cheeks, a tomato, etc.) syn. chiniffih

chipo̱tah v. to be small (of two or more) Also: chipi̱tah pl. osih little chipo̱tah of two or more sg. chipo̱tah of two or more from osih

chipo̱talih v. to make (something) into small pieces Also: chipi̱talih

chisha n. post oak

chishba could be, might be

chishikta n. Spanish oak

chishki your mother

chishnak báno pro. just you, by yourself

chishnak illah by yourself illah only

chishnákosh pro. you, yourself [2nd person definite focus nominative]

chishnáto pro-form you what about you?

chishno pro. you yours

chishno aki̱lih yourself yours indeed

chisímówah v. to exercise Also: chisímóhah

chiskilik n. blackjack oak

chito adj. big, large pl. chito hochíto

chitoh v. to be big, large

Chitókaka n. the Lord

chitólih v. to turn (the volume) up, do (something) more loudly, increase (the volume or size), amplify to do something hard, loudly chitólit adv. doing loudly

chitólit adv. doing loudly chitólih

chiyah phrase you are

cho conj. or marker at the end of a question

chó interj. hey, you! (used instead of saying an in-law’s name)

chobok n. sound of forceful entry into the water

chobókachih v. to paddle, splash, slap the water

chofak isht i̱pa n. fork (utensil) Also: chifak isht i̱pa

chofákoshi n. needle nail Also: chifakoshi chifakosi

chohmih v. to be almost, a little, somewhat, kind of, in a limited way, hardly v. doing a lot of something v. to be a certain way adv. usually Also: shohmi

cho̱kachih v. to startle, surpise, make the heart beat fast (from emotion or exertion)

chokáni n. house fly Also: shokáni

chokapishano n. swamp beech

cho̱kash n. heart

Cho̱kash Achokma I̱ Nittak n. Valentine’s Day (Loving Heart Day)

cho̱kash apa n. animacula (a kind of insect)

cho̱kash holba n. heart shape

cho̱kash lashpah idiom to be angry, mad

chokbika n. corner Also: chokbi

chokbika oshta lapálika faláya n. rectangle syn. bolokta faláya

cho̱kcho n. osprey, fish hawk

chokchowah v. to giggle

chokfalhpowa oshi n. lamb

chokfi n. rabbit, hare

chokfi alhpowa n. sheep Also: chokfalhpowa

chokfi hakchoma n. rabbit tobacco

chokfi hakshop rabbit skin, rabbit hide

chokfi toba n. rabbit game

chokfito̱toli n. pygmy rattlesnake Sistrurus miliarius Also: chokfitohtololhi

chokfolóhah v. to be dizzy Also: chokfolówah

chokfolólih v. to make dizzy

cho̱ki n. purple martin

chokka n. house, home chokka ikbi sho̱shi n. dirt dauber (wasp), mud dauber syn. ha̱to

chokka abayyat roaming from house to house, visiting abayyah

chokka abóha n. inside the house

chokka apaknaka o̱poholmo n. shingles, roofing syn. chokka isht holmo

chokka apa̱ta n. neighbor

chokka chito áfoha n. a big place where people can rest: hotel, motel, etc.

chokka ik im ikshoh n. homeless people, unhoused

chokka ikbi n. carpenter, builder

chokka ikbi sho̱shi n. dirt dauber (wasp), mud dauber from chokka ikbih make sho̱shi

chokka isht holmo n. older word shingle syn. chokka apaknaka o̱poholmo

chokka iskali áyásha n. newer word bank (financial institution) syn. iskali áboshollichi iskali áyásha iskali áyásháchi

chokka i̱tola n. foundation of a house

chokka lokóli n. neighborhood, group of homes

chokkachaffa n. family, household, family members who live in the same house

chokki̱bachóha n. older word rafters

chokkilakbila n. whip-poor-will syn. hachokbila̱kbila wahwoli

chokkilissa n. abandoned or empty house

chokkitikba n. porch syn. abóha itikba abóha itikba apishshiyáchi Also: chokka tikba

chokkosi n. shed, closet

choklha̱poli n. spider web, cobweb Also: choklha̱pila

cho̱koba n. swallow (bird)

chokoshmi n. rare live oak

chokoshpa n. rumor, gossip gossiper syn. ito̱lash faláya

chokoshpah v. to gossip isht chokoshpah v. to gossip about (someone) see o̱ chokoshpah o̱ chokoshpah v. to gossip about (somebody) see isht chokoshpah

choksonálih v. to have a crick in the neck

chokwah v. to go in (a house, etc., of one), enter, get in, join (a group) to enter (a website, program), browse (a website), get into (a website, program) Also: chokkowa chokkowah chokkwa see abíhah enter (of three or more) alhtoh enter (of two) a̱t chokwah v. to come into (a house, car, etc.), come get in falámat pit chokwah v. to go back into (a city, etc.) o̱t chokwah v. to go into (a house, car, etc., of one), go enter ta̱kla o̱t chokwah v. to go in (a house, etc.) with (someone)

cholah n. fox

cholaktoh v. to be forked (like a road, slingshot, wishbone, etc.)

cholháfah v. to be split in small pieces, splintered see cholhahlih into small pieces

cholhaffih v. to split a small piece (sg.)

cholhahlih v. to be split in small pieces, splintered (pl.) see cholháfah

cholhkan n. spider

cholhlhih v. to split (rivercane, wood) syn. chalhlhih

chollo̱sah v. to be very quiet from chilo̱sah Also: chillo̱sah

chona̱fila abi n. older word gad fly

chonakko n. rare side below the armpit

chonásha n. water moccasin, cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus Also: shawi imo̱cháha

chonnah v. to be thin, skinny

chonókabih v. older word to have pneumonia

cho̱pah v. to buy ishit cho̱pah v. to buy with (money, etc.)

chopilhlhak n. older word chimney swift (bird)

cho̱sa n. older word sparrow

choshópah v. older word to be sloppy-looking, unkempt

choshshak n. between the shoulder blades, below back of neck

chosókachih v. to jingle, rattle (like coins or a chain)

chowahla n. eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana

F f

fabassah v. to be long and slender see iti fabassa sacred pole

facháchih v. older word to spring off ground with pole

fachahlichih v. to peel (bark, a scab, etc.) Also: fachachih

fachahlih v. to be peeling up (like bark or a scab)

fachówah v. to have scales, scabs

fahábi n. left (side or direction) Also: hafábi left hafábik

faháma n. lick, whipping, strike

fahámah v. to strike a blow (with something)

fahammichih v. to sling emphatic form fahammih

fahammih v. older word to sling, throw sideways with whirling motion fahammichih v. to sling emphatic form

fahfolih v. to brandish, swing (something) around Also: fahlih

fahfowah v. to whirl about

fahpo n. older word magic, enchantment

fakit n. turkey (bird) syn. aka̱k chito see pakit turkey

fakki̱hah v. to beat up

fakóhah v. to be peeling off (of two or more)

fakohlih v. to peel off (as pieces of bark from a tree), strip off (two or more) see fokópah of one

fala n. crow

fala chito n. raven

fala im issito n. may apple

falakto n. fork, forked junction n. forked stick

falámah v. to return to flood falámat going back, going again, returning, doing again see falammi̱t falammi̱t fala̱t

falámat going back, going again, returning, doing again falámah see falammi̱t falammi̱t fala̱t

falámat aha̱lah v. to keep coming back (here, of one) from alah of one

falámat alah v. to come back (here, of one), come back to, return here alah of one

falámat awánablih v. to cross back over (a river, etc.) awánablih

falámat áyónah v. to come back there to (of three or more), get back to, return to áyonah of three or more

falámat ilhkólih v. to go back (of three or more), return (somewhere else) ilhkólih of three or more

falámat im a̱yah v. to come back to (someone) a̱yah be going

falámat im áyónah v. to return there to (someone, of three or more), go back there to áyonah of three or more

falámat ittonáchih v. to get back to (a place), come back to, return there (of two) ittonáchih of two

falámat iyah v. to go back (of one), return (somewhere else) iyah of one

falámat lha̱kkoh v. to get strong again lha̱kkoh

falámat onah v. to come back there (of one), get back there onah of one

falámat pisah v. to look again pisah see

falámat pit chokwah v. to go back into (a city, etc.) chokwah enter (of one)

falámat tánih v. to rise again, rise back up (from a fall), get back up tánih

falammichih v. to make (something) return

falammi̱chit pilah v. to throw (a ball, etc.) back pilah

falammih v. to separate, leave

falammi̱t making go back, returning, doing to again finally̱? also falammi̱chit see falámat falámah falámat falámah fala̱t

falammi̱t chaffichih v. to send (someone) back to (a place) chaffichih (one)

falammi̱t fokkachih v. to put (clothes) back on (another) ph. v. of fokkachih

falammi̱t hilíchih v. to stand (one chair, etc.) back up ph. v. of hilíchih

falammi̱t i̱ pa̱yah v. to call (someone) back (as on a phone, or by shouting) pa̱yah call

falammi̱t ikbih v. to rebuild (a house, etc. in the same place) ph. v. of ikbih make

falammi̱t im áchih v. to say (something) back to, reply to, answer áchih

falammi̱t im ishih v. to get (something) back from (someone), take back from ishih

falammi̱t imah v. to give back imah give

falammi̱t ishih v. to get (something) back ishih

falammi̱t isht alah v. to bring (something, someone) back (here, of one) alah of one

falammi̱t isht iyah v. to take (something) back to (a place) iyah of one

falammi̱t isht onah v. to take (something) back there (of one), bring back there onah of one

falammi̱t okchalíchih v. to revive (someone) okchalíchih

falammi̱t pit hoyoh v. to get (someone or something) back again hoyoh

falammi̱t tánichih v. to raise (someone) back up tánichih

falámóchih v. to send back and forth

falámówah v. to go back and forth

fala̱t v. did (something) again, returned and did (something) see falámat falámah falammi̱t

faláya adj. long ant yoshkolólih

faláyachih v. to make long, lengthen

faláyah v. to be long see falóhah of two or more

falóhah v. to be long (of two or more) see faláyah of any number

famah v. to be whipped, spanked

fammih v. to whip, spank

fani n. squirrel, eastern gray squirrel

fani i̱ shapha n. mistletoe Also: fani i̱ sha̱pha

fani ik oyyo n. American sycamore Platanus occidentalis

fani im álakósi n. green anole, American chameleon Anolis carolinensis

fani lakna n. yellow or golden squirrel, eastern fox squirrel

Fani Lakna n. Tucker MBCI community

fani losa n. black squirrel

fatókachih v. to wobble, wiggle, sway to be wobbling, wiggling

fichak n. dew

fichik n. star

fichik chito n. planet

fichik hika n. shooting star meteor

fichik híli n. meteor shower

fichik homma n. Mars red star

fichik issoba n. older word Dipper constellations

fichik polholi n. older word comet, sparking star syn. fichik shobóta

fichik shobóta n. comet syn. fichik polholi

fichik tahlhápi n. Big Dipper constellation

fichik watalhpi n. older word Pleiades constellation, seven sisters constellation, supine stars

fíhnah v. to be very (something), greatly, terribly, especially v. to really most certainly (do something) determiner self mak fi̱hna ka̱ phrase that particular (time, person, etc.) mak fi̱hnahma̱ phrase at once, suddenly ná fíhna n. a headstrong person, a hard-headed person, someone who thinks that they are ’all that’, someone who is proud of themselves, stubborn

fihópah v. to be tired out

filammih v. to leave, separate i̱ filammih v. to leave (someone), separate from

filímah v. to turn over (of a car, etc.), flip over, flip around, spin around, be turned around, flipped over to turn (and look) sg. filímówah filímah ít filímah v. to turn (and look this way)

filimmichih v. to flip (something) over, turn over

filimmih v. to turn (one thing) over, flip (one thing) over see filímólih two or more

filímólih v. to turn (three or more) over (one at a time) see filimmih one

filímówah v. to turn around (several times or of two or more) sg. filímówah filímah

fímah v. to be scattered

fimiblih v. older word to sow in a row, letting just a few seeds out at a time see fimmih

fimmih v. to scatter, sow, distribute see fimiblih

fitíhachih v. to wobble, move around unstably Also: kitíhachih see fitíkachih

fitíkachih v. to rattle (a turtle shell rattle, etc.) see fitíhachih

fitokhak n. northern flicker, yellowhammer

fiyópa n. breath

fiyópah v. to breathe to get tired of, fed up with fiyópat tahah phrase to stop breathing, pass away to be out of breath

fiyópat tahah phrase to stop breathing, pass away to be out of breath from fiyópah breathe

foha n. break, rest

foháchih v. to make (someone) take a break, give (someone) a break, rest

fohah v. to rest, take a break to retire

fohkichih v. to slather on, put on (lotion, etc.)

fohkol n. older word hornet Also: fohkop pohkol

fohlih v. to scrape off (mud, etc.), scrape out (pumpkin, etc.)

fohoblih v. to pile up (two or more)

fohópah v. older word to be falling down, pouring down, spilling down

fokálih v. to be about to (do something) to be approximately, about fokkálih

fokka adv. should have, if only about

fokka lo̱bo n. shirt syn. ilokka kolo̱bo lokka lo̱bo

fokka lo̱bo wonoksho n. sweater

fokkachih v. to put (clothes) on (someone), dress (someone) falammi̱t fokkachih v. to put (clothes) back on (another)

fokkah v. to get in (a boat, etc.) to get into (a pair of pants, etc.), put on (clothing that covers the torso, as pants, a shirt, a sweater, a dress), wear Also: fohkah á fokkah v. to be in, be put into fo̱kkah v. to be in, be inside to be in (pants, etc.), be wearing fokkat adv. being in, riding in (a vehicle)

fo̱kkah v. to be in, be inside to be in (pants, etc.), be wearing from fokkah

fokkálih v. within (a certain timeframe) from fokálih almost

fokkat adv. being in, riding in (a vehicle) adverb form of fokkah

fokkat iyah phrase to go in (a plane, etc., of one)

fokkat nosi n. pajamas, nightgown

fokkih v. to insert, put in see anokfokkih instill

fokópah v. to be peeled off, come off by itself (of one) see fakohlih

fokoppih v. to peel off (of one)

foli n. switch, flexible rod, twig

folókachih v. to go here and there, go all over, zigzag

folóla̱chi v. do:in:return

folollichih v. to turn (a wheel, a child) around syn. hanókichih to do the same thing (but in the reverse order) Also: falollichi folollíchih v. to have (your shirt, etc.) on backwards Also: folóchih

folollíchih v. to have (your shirt, etc.) on backwards from folollichih Also: folóchih

folótah v. to turn (left or right, etc.) to go around Also: fotóhah nówat á folótah v. to walk around (an obstacle) nówat folótah v. to walk around (in a park, casino, etc.)

folótówah v. to turn around (multiple times), spin

foni n. bone older word dice

foni lopi n. older word marrow

fowi n. bee Also: foyi

fowi akmo n. beeswax, wax syn. fowi niya

fowi bila n. honey

fowi bila hakshop n. honeycomb

fowi bilishki n. older word honey bee

fowi bilishki mi̱ko n. older word queen honey bee

fowi ishki n. queen bee

fowi niya n. beeswax syn. fowi akmo

foyókachih v. to turn or rock (like a rocking chair), wiggle (like the agitator in a washing machine) Also: fayókachih

foyólih v. to whirl (of water, a carnival ride, etc.)

H h

-h v. tense suffix tns

-h mat v. suffix when

-ha̱ suffix past-tense question marker

habífah v. older word to be dented

habik n. older word mountain

habilhkapi n. swamp or water hickory Also: oksak tokba api

habína n. gift

habínachih v. to give (a gift) to (someone)

habínah v. to receive (a gift, prize, etc.)

habíshak n. type of large grasshopper

habishkoh v. to sneeze

hablih v. to kick (a ball, etc.) once to step on (one thing, or one time) to take a step (in a dance) Also: habbih see halhlhih halhlhih

habófachih v. to make (someone) tired, exhaust (someone)

habófah v. to be tired, exhausted

hacha fako api n. chinquapin tree Also: hachofaklhapi chinquapin tree

hachchap n. older word footbridge

hachi- v. prefix you (plural), you all

hachim- v. particle prefix your (plural, used before most nouns) to you all, for you all (used before verbs) Also: hachi̱-

hachishnak illah by yourselves

hachishnakbánoh just yourselves, by yourselves

hacho̱bilhípah v. older word to get down on one’s hands and knees

hacho̱bilhkah v. to kneel Also: hachokbilhkah kneel

hacho̱choba n. alligator

hachokbila̱kbila n. whip-poor-will (bird) syn. chokkilakbila wahwoli

hachokpala̱tak n. tree frog Also: chokpala̱tak

hachoktaka̱ha n. purple passionflower, maypop

hacho̱laposhki n. buffalo gnat syn. yikoffa

hachotakni n. alligator snapping turtle, loggerhead turtle

hachówanashshih v. to bend over and look through your legs behind you

hafábik imma n. leftward Also: fahábik imma

hafakbi n. a dent

hafikbih v. to dent, indent Also: habiffih dent

hahi api n. walnut tree

hahi hata n. butternut tree

hahkah v. older word to pant (like a dog)

hahli n. redbud

hahponakloh v. to pay attention Also: haponakloh

hahta n. eastern hognose snake

hakchihfo n. older word driftwood, flotsam, trash that washes up on shore

hakchoma n. tobacco

hakchoma holba n. mullein

hakchoma sho̱ka n. cigar, cigarette

hakchopilhko api n. dogwood tree

ha̱kha n. wild goose

ha̱kholba n. mallard

haklobish n. earlobe Also: haklobis earlobe

haklochih v. to inform (someone) v. to continually tell or inform

hakloh v. to hear, listen ha̱kloh v. to be listening, hearing

ha̱kloh v. to be listening, hearing hakloh

haknip n. body, torso

haknip achokmah to be healthy

haknip hishi n. body hair

hakshi̱ interj. you’re welcome (rare) Also: akshi̱

hakshop n. skin, hide (of an animal), shell (of a nut), bark (of a tree), peel (of a fruit or vegetable) comp. issi hakshop issi

hakshop kallo n. armadillo

haksi n. drunk, drunk person syn. okishko

haksichih v. to cheat, trick, fool to get (someone) drunk ilí haksichih v. to deceive oneself, fool oneself

haksih v. to be drunk

haksobáchih v. to be noisy, make an excessive amount of noise, make a racket

haksobah v. to be noisy

haksobis n. ear Also: haksobish ear

haksobis faláya n. mule, ass, donkey syn. issoba haksobis faláya

haksobish takáli n. earring

haksobish takálichit ola haklo n. newer word ear buds see noshkobo takálichit ola haklo headphones

haksobish takohli n. earrings

haksolba adj. crazy, like they’re drunk syn. tasi̱boh

hakso̱tabayyi n. temple (on the head)

hakso̱tála n. minnow syn. nani oshi

hakta because of it, that’s why

hakta̱pi n. armpit

hala̱bisha n. bat Also: hoshi lhipahli

hala̱biya n. skink, lizard "The blue-tailed young of...skinks are widely referred to as "scorpions"" - srelherp.uga.edu/lizards/eumine.htm Plestiodon sp.

hala̱chala̱wa n. lizard Also: chila̱wa hala̱chila̱wa

halahlih v. to have a seizure

halallih v. to pull (something) to hold to cramp halát pulling

halasbichih v. to make (something) smooth, flat, or slick, iron (pants, etc.)

halasbih v. to be smooth, flat, slick, slippery

halát pulling halallih

halát kotchih v. to pull out kotchih

halba n. firefly, lightning bug Also: halbi halbo

halba n. sleep (in the eye), rheum

halbabih v. older word to have congested eyes (with mucous in it)

halbina n. gift, present

halhlhih v. to kick repeatedly, step on see hablih one hablih one

halíchih v. to put on (glue, make-up, etc.)

halílih v. to catch (a sickness)

halíto interj. hello

halítoh v. to greet (someone) interj. hello

hallo̱s n. snail, leech

halóka n. older word male in-law; husband’s brother, father or uncle; wife’s father or uncle

Halo̱lawa̱sha n. Place of Bullfrogs (Philadelphia, MS)

halo̱lawi n. bullfrog Also: halo̱labi

haloppa n. something sharp: thorn, etc.

haloppa kiyoh v. to be dull, blunt

haloppachih v. to sharpen

haloppah v. to be sharp

haloshkih v. to be rough

hamáya n. diamond shape

hammih v. to rub, massage

hanáli n. thigh Also: iyyi hanáli

hanan n. hawk, Peregrine falcon Also: hannan

hanáwili n. suspenders

hanáya n. triangle

hannálih v. six, to be six

hanókichih v. to twirl, spin (something) syn. folollichih

hanókih v. twirling, spinning hano̱kih v. to be spinning

hano̱kih v. to be spinning from hanókih

hapi n. salt Also: hapih

hapi- v. prefix 1mpII

hapi cha̱poli n. sugar syn. ná tokwisíli Also: hapih cha̱poli

hapi losa n. black pepper syn. tishi homi losa Also: hapih losa

hapi tokwisíli n. sugar Also: hapi toksílichi hapi tosíli hapih tokwisíli toksilíchi

Hapi̱ki I̱ Nittak n. Father’s Day

hapim n. poss prefix our (entire group) v. IIIagr prefix to us, for us (all of a group)

hapishnakbánoh just us, by ourselves

hapishno pro-form all of us, all of ours (of a large group)

hapishno aki̱lih ourselves ours indeed

hash- particle prefix second person plural marker used before most actions done deliberately: you all

hash ninak a̱ya n. moon Also: hashnaka̱ya

hasháyachih v. to cause to sulk or pout v. to cause oneself to pout

hasháyah v. to sulk, pout

hashi n. month sun

hashi ákotchaka n. east Also: hashákotchaka east

hashi áyokattola n. west Also: hashi áyittola west okattolah

hashi ayyokah n. each month, monthly

hashi kanalli n. time hour o'clock (with a number)

hashi kanalli achaffa n. one o’clock

hashi kanalli anóli n. clock

hashi kanalli ola n. alarm

hashi kanalli shalalli phrase time change (e.g. the beginning or end of Daylight Savings Time)

Hashi Kanalli Tikba Pit Shalalli Hikít Iya phrase Day Light Savings Time Begins

hashi kotcha n. sunrise

hashi ninak a̱ya n. moon Also: hashnaka̱ya Also: hashninaka̱ya

hashi nittak isht ikka̱na n. calendar

hashi okattola n. sundown, sunset

hashi paka̱li n. sunflower Helianthus sp.

hashílabi n. sty (on the eye)

hashi̱tak n. comb

hashi̱tak folóta n. round comb syn. tali hashi̱tak folóta

hashki n. my mother

hashninak a̱ya tokwikíli n. moonlight

hashshok n. grass Also: hakshok grass hapshok hashshok shila n. hay

hashshok baláli n. bermuda grass Also: hashshok kallo

hashshok ba̱si n. broom grass

hashshok cha̱li n. grass cutter

hashshok hakchoma n. rabbit tobacco

hashshok haloppa n. thistle

hashshok homi n. bitterweed

hashshok ishpihli n. rake

hashshok isht taptoli n. lawnmower

hashshok pahta n. crabgrass

hashshok shila n. hay from hashshok grass shilah dry

hashtap n. leaf, leaves fallen from tree

hashtap yolóli n. Mississippi slimy salamander Plethodon mississippi see yakni imáfo

hashtapo̱shik n. butterfly Also: hashta̱poshik hataposhik

hashtola Also: hashittola

hashtolapi n. autumn, fall

hasi̱bis n. tail Also: hali̱bis tail hasi̱bish

hasi̱bish hommak n. red-tailed hawk Also: hasi̱bichomak

hata adj. light or pale (of a color), faded

hata̱bish n. navel, bellybutton Also: hata̱bis navel

hataffo n. grasshopper

hata̱fo n. hail

hata̱foh v. to hail Also: ata̱foh hota̱foh

hatcha n. river, large stream Also: hacha river

hatip n. hip

ha̱to n. dirt dauber, mud dauber syn. chokka ikbi sho̱shi

hato̱baláha n. American beech

hato̱faláya n. green onions, wild onions syn. shachonna Also: hato̱faláha

-hátoko̱ v. suffix because:ds

hatollichih v. to cause to bounce to dribble (in basketball)

hatollih v. to hop repeatedly, jump, bounce jump Also: tollih

hattak n. man, male person husband hattak shotik misha iya n. newer word astronaut

Hattak Api Homma Immi Nittak n. newer word Native American Heritage Day

hattak himitta n. young man (late teens to 24 or so)

hattak hokli n. police officer syn. ná takchi ná takchi ná yokáchi

hattak holhpa n. caterpillar older word nettle

hattak holhpa chito n. bull nettle

hattak hoyo n. detective

hattak illi n. dead body, corpse

hattak illi sháli n. hearse

hattak im ohóyo illi n. widower

hattak ishkish n. moth see ninak a̱ya sho̱shi moth

hattak lhiposh n. red-shouldered hawk

hattak losa n. a black person

hattak ná ka̱pila n. salesman

hattak nahollo n. white man

hattak shotik misha iya n. newer word astronaut from hattak shotik sky iyah go

hattak yoka n. prisoner

hattak yoshobli n. snail

ha̱wa n. cicada (13-year)

háwah v. to yawn

hawashkoh v. to be sour, spoiled (of something like milk) to ferment

hawi n. prostitute

hayáka n. wilderness, woods syn. abohlih

hayákachih v. to reveal, cause to be seen ilí hayákachih v. to cause oneself to be seen, reveal oneself

hayákah v. to appear haya̱kah v. to be visible, showing

haya̱kah v. to be visible, showing hayákah

hayi̱chi n. kidney Also: hayyi̱chi

hayílih v. to fight over (the ball, when playing stickball; a bone, as when dogs fight)

hayóchih v. to have convulsions

hayo̱kpolo n. weed

hayo̱kpolo nosíchi n. poppy

hayo̱kpolo paska n. hops

hayowáni n. cut worm

hayya n. brother’s wife, mother’s brother’s wife, sister-in-law

hayyip n. pond syn. okhatosi

hayyop n. twins

hayyo̱találi n. older word southern dewberry Also: bisso̱találi

-hchá v. suffix used:to Also: chá ss

hi pro-form be

hicha and

hichi n. indian turnip, jack-in-the-pulpit

hichi n. boil (on the skin)

hichikih interj. maybe

hih ahnih v. older word to think about, care about

hi̱hah v. to grunt, moan, sigh, make the sound

hihátoko̱ v. suffix so, because (different subject)

hihátokósh conj. so, because (same subject) Also: hátokósh

hihka interj. isn’t it Also: ka

hihkiya adv. nevertheless, however, even so Also: híkiya hikkiya

hihma̱ and then (different subject) Also: hih

hihmalhlhih v. indeed, for sure, definitely see malhlhih indeed

hihmat conj. and then (same subject)

hihmiyah interj. so it’s said from miyah

hihókako̱ but then

hihokma̱ conj. and then (used when changing the subject) Also: okma̱ Also: hikma̱

hihokmakáchi̱h to have to, the way something has to be Also: hikmakáchi̱h hokmakáchi̱h Also: makáchi̱h

hihokmat conj. and then, also (used when keeping the same subject) Also: hikmat

hihshahli adv. always see sháli

hihshahli bilíya adv. forever

hihta̱kla adv. while, during

hika n. gum (chewing)

hika interj. That's right; I understand

-híka v. adv2 suffix used:to

hika api n. sweet gum tree Also: hikapi

hika losa api n. black gum tree, tupelo syn. hopa̱sapi hoshi api iti ani

hikah v. to fly (of one) see hílih of two or more

hikat but

hikiki̱yah v. to stay at different places, live here and there

hikít being from (a place or time) hikíyah of one

hikít a̱yah v. to go around, wander

hikít ilhkólih v. to start (something, of three or more), start (doing), begin ilhkólih of three or more see hikít ittiyáchih ittiyáchih hikít iyah start iyah

hikít ittiyáchih v. to start (of two), start (doing), begin ittiyáchih of two see hikít ilhkólih ilhkólih hikít iyah start iyah

hikít iyah v. to start (something, of one), start (doing), begin The subject agreement is used before to come from (some place) iyah of one see hikít ilhkólih ilhkólih hikít ittiyáchih ittiyáchih Also: hikítiya áyisht hikít iyah

hikít mi̱ti toka̱ since (something happened), when (something happened)

hikít mi̱tih v. to start, begin

hikíyah v. to stand up (of one) to stop, wait (e.g. at a traffic light) see hílih of two or more hiyohlih stand (plural) hiyohlih stand (plural) a̱t hikíyah to come and stand (of one) hikít being from (a place or time) hiki̱yah v. to be standing (of one person, something upright like a building, mop, door, tree, etc.) to be waiting to be overhead (of the sun, etc.) see hiyo̱hlih hikkíyah v. to have been standing for a long time v. to wait for syn. ho̱yoh from hoyoh to have (something that stands, as a table or horse) o̱t hiki̱yah v. to go and be standing (of one)

hiki̱yah v. to be standing (of one person, something upright like a building, mop, door, tree, etc.) to be waiting to be overhead (of the sun, etc.) from hikíyah of one see hiyo̱hlih from hiyohlih

híkiyoh adv. will not, won’t, cannot, can’t

hikkiki̱yah v. to be walking around late at night (not sleep walking--just getting up while others are asleep), wandering around Also: ikkiki̱yah

hikkíyah v. to have been standing for a long time from hikíyah of one

hi̱lak n. wood duck

hilha n. dancer a dance

hilha alhíha n. dancers

hilha talówa n. chant

hilhah v. to dance

hi̱lh-hi̱lh n. quack-quack, a duck's call

hilíchih v. to stand (one thing) up, cause (one thing) to be standing up, put (one thing) up to stop (a car, etc.) to set (a date) see hiyohlichih falammi̱t hilíchih v. to stand (one chair, etc.) back up

hílih v. to fly (of two or more) see hikah of one

hílih v. to stand up (of two) to be or with (of two), the innate position of two standing entities see hikíyah of one hiyohlih stand (plural) hi̱lih v. to be standing (of two) see hiyo̱hlih i̱ hi̱lih v. to have (two things that stand, like two trees) o̱t hi̱lih v. to go and be standing (of two)

hi̱lih v. to be standing (of two) hílih of two or more see hiyo̱hlih from hiyohlih i̱ hi̱lih

hilóha n. thunder

hilóha ikhi̱sh n. bowman’s root Also: hilóha okhi̱sh

hilóhah v. to thunder

himak adv. now

himak a̱ adv. now

himak aki̱li ka̱ adv. right now, at this moment

himak aki̱lih adv. right now

himak ano adv.

himak fíhna adv. immediately

himak ma̱ya this generation, the ones living now

himak ninak n. tonight, this evening

himak nittak n. today, this day

himak ohmi n. the same time

hima̱kah too long, too much time

himakka

himakma̱ adv. again

himitfowáchi n. teenagers, young people

himittah v. to be young (sg. or pl.) Also: himi̱tta see himittowah of two or more ilí himittachih v. to make oneself young

himittowah v. to be young (of two or more) Also: himiffowa himitfowa see himittah

himmak n. junior, one who is younger than (someone else) see i̱ himmak be younger

himmaka̱ adv. next time

himo conj. just now

himónachih v. to make new

himónah v. to be new

himonna adv. once, the first time

himonna ka̱ adv. once (before), once upon a time, one time syn. ilimona ka̱

hina n. road, street

hina conj. and, so, and then see na na shohbih

hina chanalli n. automobile, car

hina fichápa n. crossroads Also: hinakfowa̱ta

hina patalhpo n. paved road

hi̱nah aux. v. can, could, to be able to

hi̱nah másh ohmih maybe

hinakbitípoli n. rainbow Also: anaktípoli hinakbittipóli

hinaksho n. abandoned road

hina̱yah v. to walk along the road

hishi n. feather body hair animal hair, fur leaf (still on tree)

hishi iksho phrase hairless

hishi lawah phrase hairy

hishi patha n. older word cabbage Also: hishi hopotka

hitohchínah to be the third

hitok

hitoka n. older word stickball field Also: hotoka

hitokalhlhi v. always, frequently Also: hittókalhlhi Also: tókalhlhi

hitokchi n. saliva, spit, drool, slobber Also: itokchi drool

hitoklah v. to be twice Also: hatoklo hitoklo isht hitoklaho̱ adv. a second time

hitoklakna n. older word venom < hitokchi + lakna

hitoko̱ conj. and then, and so (different subject)

hitokósh and then, and so (same subject)

hiyohlichih v. to cause (several things) to stand up see hilíchih

hiyohlih v. to stand (of two or more) see hikíyah of one hikíyah of one hílih of two or more hiyo̱hlih v. to be standing (of two or more) see hiki̱yah hi̱lih hiyohma̱yah

hiyo̱hlih v. to be standing (of two or more) from hiyohlih stand (plural) see hiki̱yah from hikíyah hi̱lih hílih hiyohma̱yah

hiyohma̱yah v. to be standing (of two or more) to have (an object that is mostly vertical) see hiyo̱hlih from hiyohlih

hiyo̱shakíli n. horse lubber grasshopper

-hma v. suffix when

-hmato v. suffix when:ss

ho ex. cfx exclamatory marker

ho- imp. prefix you all Also: oh-

hó preverb you all [imperative]

ho̱ question marker

-ho̱ v. comp:sr suffix part:ds

hobáchi n. imitator, copy cat

hobáchih v. to imitate, copy Also: holbachih hobáchit ikbih v. to make a copy of, make (something) into (something)

hobáchit ikbih v. to make a copy of, make (something) into (something) hobáchih ikbih make

hobíchi n. sweat lodge or ceremony

hobíchih v. to steam or steep

hobih v. to be boiled whole

hochífoh v. to name (someone), call (someone) by name á hochífoh v. to name after (someone)

hochíto adj. big (of two or more) pl. chito hochíto

hochítolit isht pisa n. magnifier, magnifying glass

hóchokma adj. nice, good (pl.)

hóchokmah v. to be good (of two or more)

hofahya n. shame

hofahyachih v. to embarrass (someone)

hofahyah v. to be embarrassed, ashamed syn. kalakshih Also: hofáya

hofallih v. to multiply (of descendants)

hofa̱tichih v. to raise, rear (animals or children)

hofa̱tih v. older word to grow, develop (of babies, animals, pets, or plants)

hofkah v. to sun-dry, dry outside

hofóbi n. deep part, deep area Also: fohóbi hofóbi imma post. toward the deep part

hofóbi imma post. toward the deep part from hofóbi deep imma toward

hofóbih v. to be deep Also: ahfóbih deep fohóbih ofóbih

Hohchafo Chito hashi n. Big Hunger month (November)

Hohchafo Iskitíni hashi n. Little Hunger month (October)

hohchafoh v. to be hungry Also: hokchafoh

hohchafot tahah v. to get hungry

hohchanoh v. to be enthusiastic, eager Also: hochanoh

hohchifo n. name

hohchifo acháka n. middle name

hohchifo ammóna first name

hohchifo atokla n. second name, middle name, nickname syn. hohchifo iklanna

hohchifo iklanna n. middle name

hohchifo tikba n. first name

hóka̱ interj. emphatic marker with negative connotation

hokchi n. gardener, planter

hokchih v. to plant nán á hollokchi n. garden

hoklih v. to catch, grab with the hands comp. aka̱ka hokli aka̱ka ho̱klih v. to hold i̱ ho̱klih v. to hold for, save for (someone) ilího̱klih v. to hold oneself back, resist, restrain oneself, keep oneself (from doing something), fight (against doing something)

ho̱klih v. to hold from hoklih catch i̱ ho̱klih

hokma̱ if (different subject)

hokmat conj. if (same subject)

hokmih v. to burn, be irritated (of a part of the body) to set (something) on fire syn. lowáchih

hokni n. paternal aunt

hokoffih v. older word to loosen, slacken syn. mokoffih

ho̱kopah v. to steal (something)

ho̱ksoh v. to fart

holábi n. liar

holábih v. to lie, tell a lie áholábih v. to lie about (someone), tell a lie about i̱ holábih v. to lie to (someone), tell a lie to o̱ holábih v. to lie about (someone)

holáfah v. to defecate

holakshih v. to lick

holba n. an imitation, likeness, fake

holbah v. to be like, similar (of something) ik holboh v. to not be similar, be unlike (something), have a different demeanor

holbattoba n. picture, photo

holbattoba ápisa n. television

holbattoba isht ikbi n. camera

holhki calf of the leg syn. iyyi cha̱ko

holhkonna n. witch

holhponi n. hominy syn. ta̱fola v. cooked

holhtina n. number Also: holhpina

holhtofah v. to be unwound, untied (of one) Also: hotofah see hotoffih hotohlih of two or more hotohlih of two or more

holihta n. fence

holihta okhissa n. fence gate

holisso n. paper letter Also: holosso

holisso alótoli n. form

holisso ápisa n. school syn. holisso áyikhana Also: holissa ápisa

holisso ápisa abóha n. classroom

holisso ápisa apíláchi n. school helper

holisso ápisa ayiskachi n. school janitor

holisso ápisa i̱ noshkobóka n. school principal

holisso ápisa i̱ noshkobóka apíláchi n. assistant school principal

holisso átalówa n. song sheet, sheet music

holisso áyalhto n. folder

holisso áyi̱cho̱li n. paper tablet, notepad

holisso áyikhana n. school syn. holisso ápisa

holisso áyittimano̱poli n. newspaper

holisso áyittola n. post office

holisso bahta n. paper bag, sack

holisso bokahli n. fireworks, firecrackers

Holisso Holítopa n. Bible

holisso ikhana n. school

holisso ikhana̱chi n. teacher syn. holisso im ábachi

holisso im ábachi n. school teacher syn. holisso ikhana̱chi

holisso imábachi apílachi n. school teacher assistant

holisso isht afáchali n. paper clip

holisso ittim ano̱polih v. to read ittim ano̱polih

holisso lho̱blit ápitta n. binder

holisso ná holítobli n. affidavit

holisso ná iyalli n. receipt

holisso sháli n. mail carrier

holisso sokko n. book

holisso sokko áfokka n. bookshelf

holisso sokko áka̱chi n. book store

holisso sokko áyásha n. library

holisso sokko osi booklet, small book

holissochi n. secretary

holissochih v. to write holissoho̱chih v. to keep writing down

holissoho̱chih v. to keep writing down from holissochih write

holissot toba written statement, affidavit

holítobli n. acceptance, approval, blessing

holítoblichih v. to glorify to respect

holítoblih v. to value (persons or things), honor to accept, approve, give blessing to worship with reverence

holítopah v. to be blessed, holy, sacred to be rich, wealthy to be valuable, expensive ik holítópoh v. to be inexpensive, cheap, not cost too much

holiyyah v.

hollokchi n. a plant

holloppih v. to be buried see hoppih

holmoh v. to be covered, roofed

holóchih v. to put (shoes, socks) on (someone else)

hóloh v. to put (shoes, socks) on (yourself) ho̱loh v. to be wearing (shoes)

ho̱loh v. to be wearing (shoes) hóloh

homi n. musk (of a raccoon, etc.)

homíchi n. spice

homíchih v. to make spicy

homih v. to be spicy

homma adj. red

hommah v. to be red

hommakbi adj. pink

hommakbih v. to be reddish or pink

homoh v. to cover, roof

honi holba n. asparagus

honih v. to boil, brew

honni adj. boiled

honnih v. to boil (of a potato, etc.)

hopa̱ki adv. long ago

hopáki ikha̱na n. legends, old stories, history

hopáki im ikha̱na n. newer word historian

hopáki isht pisa n. newer word telescope, binoculars

hopáki ohchásh n. long ago Also: hopákihchásh

hopákichih v. to go far away to be far off to make (something) go far way

hopákih v. to be far (in distance), long away (in time) be:long:ago

hopa̱sah v. to chew

hopa̱sapi n. black gum, tupelo syn. hika losa api hoshi api iti ani

hopayyi n. prophet, seer

hopayyi holittópa n. prophet (in the Bible)

hopílah v. to give away, distribute

hopínah v. to count Also: hotínah

hopóchih v. to put out to graze

hopohkah v. to graze

hopoksiyah v. to be gentle, kind

hopólha n. comfort, solace

hopólhachih v. to comfort

hopolhkah v. to dry outside

hopollo n. buttocks, butt Also: hapollo buttocks hopolo

hopónayoh v. to see clearly

hopónayoh kíyoh v. to be blind, dim-sighted

hopóni n. cook

Hopóni hashi n. Cooking month (September)

hopónih v. to cook

hopo̱poyoh v. to look about, behold

hopóyoksa n. wisdom

Hopóyoksa Kiyo I̱ Nittak n. April Fool’s Day

hopóyoksah v. to be wise

hoppih v. to bury see holloppih

-hósh v. comp:sr suffix participle, same-subject

hosh pattak n. kingbird Tyrant Flycatcher

hoshbalbáha n. mockingbird Also: hoshi balbáha

hoshi n. bird, fowl

hoshi api n. black gum, tupelo syn. hika losa api hopa̱sapi iti ani

hoshi hishi n. feathers

hoshi homma n. redbird, cardinal

hoshi i̱ chokka n. bird house

hoshi iti cha̱li n. woodpecker (any)

hoshi iyakchosh n. bird claw, talon

hoshóshi n. bird egg, nestling Also: hoshi oshi

hosho̱ti n. shadow cloud Also: hosho̱tik

hosho̱tichih v. to be cloudy

hosho̱tika n. shade, shadow Also: hoshi̱tika shade

hosho̱wa n. urine

hosho̱wah v. to urinate

hoskap tohbi n. white crane

ho̱ssah v. to shoot

hossih v. to pound (corn) in mortar

hót alah idiom to bring back

hotah v. to winnow

hota̱pih v. to string (beads, fish, etc.) syn. tanah

hotchokwah v. to have chills

hotchówachih v. to chill

hotchówah v. to be cold (of a person) syn. kapassah Also: hochówah

hotilhko ikhi̱sh n. cough medicine

hotilhkofi̱ka n. whooping cough

hotilhkoh v. to cough

hotípah imp. Y’all go on!

hotoffih v. to unwind, loosen (one) see holhtofah of one hotohlih of two or more

hotohlih v. to be unwound, be untied see holhtofah of one holhtofah of one hotoffih

hotokbichih v. to soak, moisten, dampen

hotokbih v. to be damp

hoto̱ti n. older word frost syn. akka kala̱pi okti hata

hottopa n. sore, wound, ache, pain hottopa isht talakchi n. bandage

hottopa isht talakchi n. bandage from hottopa

hottopah v. to be hurt, wounded

hottopálih v. to hurt (someone), injure, harm

ho̱wah v. to smell (something) see ashshowah

howítachih v. to cause to vomit

howítah v. to vomit

hoyablih v. to loosen syn. mokoffih

hoyápah to be loose syn. ik akalloh

hoyoh v. to look for to pick up falammi̱t pit hoyoh v. to get (someone or something) back again ho̱yoh v. to wait for (Conehatta dialect) syn. hikíyah hoyot looking for Also: hót

ho̱yoh v. to wait for (Conehatta dialect) from hoyoh

hoyot looking for hoyoh Also: hót

hoyot nówah v. to look for, search for, pick up (passengers, etc.) nówah

hoyyachih v. to drain

hoyyah v. to leak

I i

i̱ chaffichih v. to send (someone, something) to, for (someone else) to start up (a car) for, crank up (a car) from chaffichih (one)

i̱ cha̱polih v. to like (a food, candy, drink etc.) from cha̱polih

i̱ chilófah v. to pay (something) to (someone) chilófah

i̱ chilósah v. to be lonesome, lonely Also: i̱ cholósah

i̱ chówah v. to complain

i̱ filammih v. to leave (someone), separate from from filammih

i̱ haponakloh v. to mind, listen to

i̱ hattak kaníya widow syn. ohóyo alhtakla ohóyo i̱ hattak illi

i̱ hi̱lih v. to have (two things that stand, like two trees) hi̱lih hílih

i̱ himmak n. younger (counterpart, sibling, etc.) see himmak

i̱ hitchálih v. to hate (another person) Also: i̱ hichchálih

i̱ hiyáchih v. to get (someone) in trouble

i̱ hiyah v. to get in trouble

i̱ ho̱klih v. to hold for, save for (someone) ho̱klih from hoklih

i̱ hokni n. paternal aunt, father’s sister

i̱ holábih v. to lie to (someone), tell a lie to from holábih

i̱ hollochih v. to love, care for

i̱ holloh v. to love, care for to be stingy with (people, things)

i̱ howa v. to call (someone)

i̱ ka̱chih v. to sell to, sell for ka̱chih

i̱ kalakshih v. to be shy around (someone), embarrassed around, ashamed around from kalakshih

i̱ ka̱nah v. to be kind, friendly

i̱ kanallih v. to move (away) from (someone, something)

i̱ kaníyah v. to be lost to (of an item, someone through death) to leave from (someone, as a fever) kaníyah of one kaníyah of one

i̱ kanómi n. his or her cousin, relatives syn. itti̱ kanómi itti̱ kanómi kanómi kanómi

i̱ kapassah v. to feel cold kapassah be cold

i̱ kashoffih v. to forgive kashoffih clean

i̱ katápah to block (a road, a person, etc.) from katápah

i̱ kihlih v. to wipe (another person, as a baby) from kihlih wipe

i̱ lakos ohóyo n. sister-in-law, wife’s sister

i̱ lashpat ittolah phrase to pass out (from heat), faint

i̱ lawah v. to have much, a lot, a whole bunch, many lawah

i̱ lhakoffih v. to miss (a bus, appointment, etc.) lhakoffih escape

i̱ makáchih v. to say (something) to (someone), tell (someone) from makáchih

i̱ ma̱yah v. to have (three or more children, animals, etc.) from ma̱yah exist (of three or more)

i̱ mihah v. to tell (someone to do or not do something), give (someone) a rule, a talking to mihah mean

I̱ Mishsha Nittak n. Tuesday also Nittak Hollo I̱ Mishsha Nittak

i̱ mokófah v. to have (something) slip away from (someone), get away from (someone) to concede, give up from mokófah

i̱ nokha̱kloh v. to feel sorry for (someone), take pity on, mourn with This verb can have either kind of subject agreement, possibly with a subtle difference of meaning. nokha̱kloh

i̱ nokillih v. to hate (someone)

i̱ nokówah v. to be mad at (someone) nokówah i̱ noko̱wah

i̱ noko̱wah v. to be mad at, angry at (nasal form) from i̱ nokówah nokówah

i̱ nokshópah v. scared of (someone), afraid of nokshópah

i̱ noktalhah v. to be jealous of (someone) noktalhah

i̱ nokwiyah v. to be nervous for (someone), be nervous about (someone) nokwiyah

i̱ nosíkah v. to dream of (something) nosíkah

i̱ notákah v. be under the guidance of (someone), under the direction of

i̱ nówa n. (his, her) guest, visitor

i̱ nówah v. to visit from nówah

i̱ nówat a̱yah v. to visit

i̱ palammichih v. to give (someone) a hard time

i̱ palammih v. to have a hard time, struggle with (an illness, etc.), suffer, be in labor to want badly, pine for palammih struggle

i̱ palátah v. to be lonesome for (someone, something), miss (someone, something) palátah

i̱ pa̱yah v. to call to (someone), call (someone) by name pa̱yah call

i̱ pilah v. to throw (something) to (someone) to send (something) (to someone) pilah

i̱ ponakloh v. to ask (someone a question), ask (someone to do something) ponakloh ask Also: i̱ panakloh

i̱ ponnah v. to be excellent, talented, good at (something), skillfull, professional isht i̱ ponnah v. to be great at (doing something), skilled at, talented at

i̱ po̱sah v. to kiss (another person) (but not romantically)

i̱ pótah v. to lend (to someone) pótah

i̱ shahlih v. to be greater than, more than to be older than (someone) shahlih Also: i̱ shaht

i̱ shahlit ilhkólih v. to get more (rowdy, etc., of three or more) Also: i̱shat ilhkólih

i̱ shahlit iyah v. to get more (rowdy, etc., of one), escalate, go beyond iyah of one Also: i̱ shát iyah

i̱ shalihchih v. to be, do more than (someone) at (some activity); be better than (someone) at (some activity); surpass, outdo

i̱ shamallichih v. to pin, stick on, put (jewelry) on (someone else) from shamalli be stuck

i̱ soksowa v. to kiss (someone)

i̱ tahah v. to be tired, worn out to be out of (something) tahah be finished

i̱ tahlih v. to finish (something of another’s), use up tahlih

i̱ tahpalah v. to call out to (someone), shout to, yell to, yell for (a team) from tahpalah

i̱ taka̱lih v. to have (one thing that hangs, as a collar) to owe to have a difficult time with, have a hard time with, get involved in someone else’s business, interfere (in something) from taka̱lih of one takálih

i̱ taklachih v. to discourage

i̱ taklih v. to serve (food or drink) to (someone), dish up for taklih

i̱ takóbit tahah v. to be tired of

i̱ takohbih v. to be lazy

i̱ takshih v. to be shy of (other people), bashful around (someone) takshih

i̱ tamóhah v. for (several people, things) to be gone from (someone), for (several people, thing) to be lost to (someone) tamóhah go away, of two or more

i̱ tannap n. the other side of (something), opposite, beyond match, mate, other (of a pair) tannap

i̱ tiballichih v. to make (someone) miss (an appointment, bus, etc.) from tiballichih

i̱ tiballih v. to miss to make a mistake tiballih

i̱ tík n. sister (of a male)

i̱ ti̱kba alhíha n. his/her ancestors

i̱ toshólih v. to translate or interpret (something) for (someone)

i̱ wálih v. to wave to

i̱ wílih v. to offer (something) to (someone), hand (something) to (someone) wílih

i̱ wishlichih v. to milk wishlichih

i̱ yimmi n. confidence, faith, trust

i̱ yimmih v. to believe, believe in (someone), trust, have faith in yimmih ik i̱ yimmoh ik ili̱yimmoh

i̱ yoka n. a person who is dependent on, addicted to, indentured to (someone or something) yokah

i̱ yowálih v. to anger someone

ibá v. particle with (someone else), together with (When

ibá a̱ttah v. to stay with (someone) a̱ttah exist (of one) from attah

ibá chokwah v. to become a part of, be instilled in

ibá fohkah v. to get in with, ride with (of one) see ibalhtoh of two or more

ibá fohkih v. to add in with, put in with Also: ibáfokkih

ibá i̱pah v. to eat with (someone) i̱pah

ibá ta̱klah v. to be with (someone)

ibá to̱ksali n. co-worker, colleague

i̱bacháya n. joist

i̱bachóhah n. joist, the horizontal part of a roof

ibáfakchi n. prairie falcon Also: hatapofakchi

ibakchishi̱lih v. to make a pouting expression

ibakchofa̱lih v. to have a pointed, sharp, or tapered end (of a beak, letter opener, etc.) (of one) pl. ibakchofa̱chilih of two or more

ibakshibílih v. to pout

ibaktoko̱lih v. to be blunt (of an axe)

ibalhto n. ingredients, things put in with (something else)

ibalhtoh v. to get in (a car, vehicle, swimming pool) with (of two or more) see ibá fohkah of one

ibánih v. to put in with, add to, add in with

i̱bátiyah v. to obey, comply, agree with, go along with ik ibátíyoh v. to disobey

ibáyachaffah v. to be together with, be in agreement with to take part in ibáyacha̱ffat iyah v. to join with (someone) and go ik ibáyachaffoh v. to disagree

ibáyacha̱ffat iyah v. to join with (someone) and go from ibáyachaffah

ibayyi n. nephew; sister’s son (of a man), brother’s son (of a woman)

Ibayyi Nittak n. Friday also Nittak Hollo Ibayyi Nittak

ibbak n. hand ibbak alótah phrase his or her hands are full

ibbak alótah phrase his or her hands are full from ibbak hand

ibbak aska n. wrist syn. ibbak tilókachi

ibbak aska shamáchi n. bracelet

ibbak bonóta n. fist

ibbak fokka n. glove

ibbak hakshop n. fingernail

ibbak hottopa isht sháli n. sling (for an injured arm)

ibbak i̱ sho̱kani n. elbow

ibbak ishki n. thumb

ibbak isht a̱lhi n. right hand, dominant hand

ibbak oshi n. finger

ibbak oshi akni n. ring finger

ibbak oshi fokka n. ring

ibbak oshi iklanna n. middle finger

ibbak oshi ishit bilhlhi n. index finger

ibbak osi n. little finger, pinky

ibbak tilókachi wrist syn. ibbak aska

ibbi tík n. niece; sister’s daughter (of a man), brother’s daughter (of a woman)

ibíkowa n. nosebleed

ibíkowa ikhi̱sh n. yarrow or wild tansy

ibíkowah v. to have a nosebleed

ibilhkan n. nasal mucus, snot Also: bilhkan

ibish n. end, point nipple

ibíshakni n. nose

ibíshakni chilok n. nostrils

ibishshachi n. bangs

ibishshonah v. to have sniffles, have a runny nose Also: ibbishanoh

ibítablih v. to hinder (someone’s progress), get in the way of (someone) to stumble

ibítakla n. bridge of the nose Also: ibittakla

ibítapah v. to be stopped, blocked, cut off

ichablih v. to pair (two things) together, match (two things) with each other

ichápak imma post. in the opposite direction from

i̱chil n. angel syn. aba hattak Also: i̱chal < English

i̱cho̱lih v. to write, draw, mark, tattoo

i̱cho̱lit takohlichih phrase to write a list

i̱cho̱wa n. mark (on a piece of paper, etc.), tattoo, brand (on a cow)

iffoka n. stomach (organ inside the body)

iffoka katápa n. colic

ihchoshshak n. upper back

ihi̱shkoh v. to drink repeatedly from ishkoh

ihi̱yah v. to go (repeatedly) from iyah of one

íhoh interj. is that right?

ik- v. prefix N

ik ahóbáloh v. to not care for, not have concern for (a person, a pet) neg. of ahóbalih

ik ahóboh v. to be unsuccessful (in finding something) neg. of ahóbah

ik akalloh v. to be loose (of a nail, etc.) neg. of akalloh tight

ik alawwoh v. to be less (of something etc.), to not (do something) as much as, to not (have) as much as neg. of alawwih equally

ik alhpísoh v. to be wrong, mistaken, not right neg. of alhpísah alhpisah

ik alhtáhoh v. to be incomplete, not ready (of a task, material, food, etc.) neg. of alhtahah

ik assa̱noh v. to not be old enough neg. of assanoh

ik awátoh v. to be narrow, not wide neg. of awátah

ik áyalhpísoh v. to be wrong

ik áyikha̱no v. to not know (a place), be unfamiliar with (a place)

ik cháfoh v. to not start (of an engine), not run, not turn on, not work neg. of chafah

ik hofóboh v. to be shallow, not deep neg. of fohóbih Variant of hofóbih

ik holboh v. to not be similar, be unlike (something), have a different demeanor neg. of holbah

ik holítópoh v. to be inexpensive, cheap, not cost too much neg. of holítopah

ik i̱ hakloh v. to not listen to

ik i̱ yimmoh v. to not believe (someone) neg. of i̱ yimmih trust yimmih

ik ibátíyoh v. to disobey neg. of i̱bátiyah

ik ibáyachaffoh v. to disagree neg. of ibáyachaffah

ik ikhánoh v. to not know neg. of ikhanah learn

ik ili̱yimmoh v. to not believe in oneself from neg. of i̱ yimmih trust yimmih

ik im achokmoh v. to feel bad, not feel well neg. of im achokmah from achokmah

ik im alhpísoh v. to not feel well, not be right for neg. of from alhpísah

ik im alhtáhoh v. to not be ready neg. of im alhtahah alhtahah

ik im ikshoh v. to not have (something) This verb has an irregular inflection: ikshoh

ik ittayammoh to not have enough, not mix together (like oil and water) ayommah be mixed

ik láwo n. a little bit (of something), a few neg. of lawah

ik láwoh v. to be few, less, not a lot, not many, not enough, run out neg. of lawah

ik nokshópo n. bravery; courage neg. of nokshópah

ik nokshópoh v. to be unafraid, be without fear, fearless neg. of nokshópah

ik nokwíyo v. to be unafraid, be without fear neg. of nokwiyah

i̱kána n. his/her friend

ikbi n. maker (of bread, clothing, etc.)

ikbih v. to make, build, create to make (a shot, point, score) comp. chokka ikbi sho̱shi dirt dauber chokka hobáchit ikbih make copy hobáchih falammi̱t ikbih v. to rebuild (a house, etc. in the same place) im ikbih v. to make (something) for (someone)

ikboh n. to not win, lose This verb has special inflection -- kíboh ’we didn’t win’, ikboh ’he, she, it, they didn’t win’, chikboh ’you didn’t win’, akboh ’I didn’t win’, hachikboh ’y’all didn’t win’. to not kill (someone, something) neg. of abih

ikfíksa n. waist, side between hip bone and ribs

ikfoka n. abdomen syn. ittakobba

ikhanah v. to learn Also: ikkana ikkanah ithanah ik ikhánoh v. to not know ikha̱nah v. to know, understand to remember Also: ikkána Also: ikka̱nah itha̱nah im áyikhanah v. to learn (something) from (someone)

ikha̱nah v. to know, understand to remember from ikhanah learn Also: ikkána Also: ikka̱nah itha̱nah

ikha̱nah mómah v. to still remember, still know

ikhi̱sh patassa api n. flat stem medicine (prickly ash) hercules club Also: iti hacho̱choba iti kapassa noti alikchi

i̱ki n. (his/her) father

i̱ki achaffa n. paternal uncle, father’s brother

i̱ki toba n. stepfather

ikkishi n. (his/her) chest, breast

ikkishi foni n. sternum, breast bone

ikko̱la n. (his/her) neck Also: iko̱la

ikko̱la faláya n. newer word giraffe

ikko̱la inno̱chi n. something worn around the neck: collar, necklace

ikko̱la shatáli n. mumps syn. notakfa shatáli

iklanna n. center, middle half

Iklanna Nittak n. Wednesday also Nittak Hollo Iklanna Nittak

iklannachih v. to divide in half

iklannah v. splitting, being in half

iksa n. clan, societal class, denomination

iksho n. zero, nothing

ikshoh v. to not exist, not be there, be absent ik im ikshoh v. to not have (something) This verb has an irregular inflection:

il v. Iagr prefix first person plural marker, we Also: í-

i̱la adj. other, another, different, wrong (one), else

i̱la ka̱ n. rest of, remainder, other (of something) (object form)

i̱lachih v. to alter, change, make different i̱la̱chit adv. differently, changing it

i̱la̱chit adv. differently, changing it from i̱lachih

i̱la̱chit akostiníchih v. to understand differently, think in a different way

iláfi̱hnah v. to be proud of oneself

i̱lah v. to be different o̱t i̱lat tahah v. to change completely

ilahbih v. to pretend, make believe, act as if to do (something) unsuccessfully, to try (to do something) to fool around (in doing something), to do (something unseriously), to do (something) for the heck of it, to make a half-hearted attempt (to do something) Also: ilabbi ilahohbih

ilahnih v. to be conceited

ilakka̱losíchi n. humility

ilamma̱ dem. that (object form) pro. that one (object form) Also: ma̱ see yamma̱ that

ilammat dem. that (dog, etc., subject form) pro. that one (subject form) Also: mat

iláp poss. pro. his, hers, its, theirs, his or her own

iláp ahnih v. to do as you please, think only of yourself

iláp aki̱lih himself, herself, oneself his own, her own, one’s own Also: iláp aki̱nih

iláp illa n. one who is by himself or herself (as an only child)

iláp illah to be by oneself, him alone, her alone

iláp ola n. independence

iláp o̱lah v. to think for yourself, be independently minded, refuse to take advice, stubborn

Iláp Polla Nittak n. newer word Independence Day, Fourth of July

ilápi̱lih v. to do by oneself

ilappa̱ dem. this (dog, etc., object form) pro. this one (object form) pro. here (object form) Also: pa̱

ilappat dem. this (dog, etc., subject form) pro. this one (subject form) pro. here (subject form) Also: pat

iláwatah v. to brag, show off, make oneself big Also: iliyáwatah isht iláwatah v. to show off (a new toy, etc.)

iláwíli n. guardian

iláwílih v. to take care of (one child, dog, etc.) see pihlíchih two or more

iláya̱lhi n. truth (for the speaker), integrity

ilayyoka adj. different, various, diverse, assorted

ilayyokáchih v. to make different, make differently

ilayyokah v. to be diverse, to be different

ilbashákah v. to be neglected

ilbashálih v. to neglect, abuse

ilbashsha n. poverty

ilbashshah v. to be poor, pitiful, impoverished, humble anno̱pa ilbashsha n. prayer

ilhkoho̱li v. to go (repeatedly) (of three or more) from ilhkólih of three or more Also: alhkóho̱li

ilhkólih v. to go (of three or more) see ittiyáchih of two iyah of one falámat ilhkólih v. to go back (of three or more), return (somewhere else) hikít ilhkólih v. to start (something, of three or more), start (doing), begin see hikít ittiyáchih hikít iyah start ilhkoho̱li v. to go (repeatedly) (of three or more) Also: alhkóho̱li ta̱kla ilhkólih v. to go with (someone, of three or more) see ta̱kla iyah

ilhpak n. food (older word)

ilhpak i̱ bahta n. grocery bag

ilí abih v. to kill oneself, commit suicide from abih Also: ilíbih

ilí haksichih v. to deceive oneself, fool oneself from haksichih

ilí hayákachih v. to cause oneself to be seen, reveal oneself from hayákachih

ilí himittachih v. to make oneself young from from himittah

ilí hofahyalih v. to embarrass oneself

ilí lho̱ffih v. to molt (as a snake), shed

ilí lohmih v. to hide oneself from lohmih

ilí showílih v. to take (one’s own clothes) off showílih

ilí-, ilíy- v. prefix self (reflexive prefix)

ilífokka n. clothes syn. ilokka ná fokka Also: ilokfokka lífokka

ilífokka átakohchi n. clothesline, washline syn. ilífokka átakohli

ilífokka átakohli n. washline syn. ilífokka átakohchi

ilífokka áyalhto n. place to put clothes: chest, drawer, etc. syn. ná fokka áyalhto Also: ilokka álhto

ilího̱klih v. to hold oneself back, resist, restrain oneself, keep oneself (from doing something), fight (against doing something) from hoklih catch

ililli n. disease syn. abíka

ilímah v. to give to oneself, give oneself to (someone) from imah give

ilimona ka̱ adv. once, one time syn. himonna ka̱

iliyáfowah v. to fight back, resist, try to get away Also: iláfowah

ilíyanólih v. to confess

iliyáto̱bah v. to save (food, money, etc.)

illah v. to be only anák illah by myself, just me chishnak illah by yourself innipi illah v. to be bare-chested, naked (from the waist up) issis illah v. to be bloody makillah determiner, pronoun to be just that, only that, only those that’s all, that’s it, that’s enough Also: makalla

illi áhollopi n. graveyard, cemetary syn. áholohpi

illi ákahmáya n. graveyard, cemetery

illi áyittóla n. wake (ceremony) grave site Also: illi áttola

illih v. to die illi áttola Variant of illi áyittóla okattolat illit tahah

illi̱pa n. food, groceries syn. nán apa

illi̱pa áhoponi n. stove

illi̱pa ánonáchi n. stove

illi̱pa halbina n. commodity foods

illi̱pa shippa n. leftover food

ilokka n. dress, clothes syn. ilífokka lokka ná fokka dress

ilokka ano̱ka fokka n. women’s underwear, slip

ilokka isht halasbichi n. clothes iron

ilokka kolo̱bo n. shirt (older word) syn. fokka lo̱bo lokka lo̱bo

im marker appearing before a noun and translating as 'his', 'her', 'its', or 'their' marker appearing before a verb and translating as 'to (someone)', 'for (someone)', or 'from (someone)' Also: i̱- III

im- prefix III agreement affix

im á pótah v. to borrow from (someone) pótah

im ábachi n. teacher

im ábachih v. to teach (someone) from ábachih

im ába̱chih v. to be teaching (over some period of time)

im ábih v. to beat (someone), defeat (in a game) from abih

im achaffah v. to have one achaffah be one one

im acháya v. to be (emotionally) attached to (someone or something) acháyah

im áchih v. to say (something) to (someone) áchih

im achokmah v. to feel good, be well, be happy to like (doing something), love, enjoy from achokmah good ik im achokmoh isht im achokmah

im áfo n. his/her grandfather Kin. form áfo grandfather Also: máfo

im aha̱chih v. to keep saying (over and over) to (someone) áha̱chih from áchih

im ahchibah v. to be bored, get tired of (someone or doing something) ahchibah

im ahchi̱bah v. to rush, hurry, be in a hurry from ahchíbah

im ahwah v. to think, reckon ahwah amówah

im akkiyah v. to give in (to another person), give up, back down akkíyah

im álak n. brother-in-law, sister’s husband

im álakosi n. brother-in-law, wife’s brother see lakós alak osi

im álakosi ohóyo n. sister-in-law, wife’s sister

im álamih v. to tell to behave, instruct (a child, etc.) how to behave, correct, scold, warn

im alhtahah v. to finish (doing something) to get ready, be ready alhtahah ik im alhtáhoh

im alhtoba n. salary, pay

im alhtobah v. to be paid

im anni older brother (of a man), older sister (of a woman)

im ánokfila n. thought, mind, opinion, idea

im ánokfila achaffah v. to be single-minded, determined to do something in a particular way

im ánokfila cháhah v. to be high-minded, conceited, arrogant

im ánokfila iksho adj. foolish, unthinking, silly, lacking sense

im ánokfila im alikchi n. psychologist, mental health doctor

im anólih v. to tell (something) to (someone) from anólih

im ano̱polih v. to speak to (someone) ano̱polih

im asháchih v. to provide (something) for (someone), take (two or more) to from asháchih

im a̱shah v. to have (three or more objects) áshah plural subject

im a̱shaka n. rear end (of someone), butt

im a̱shwah v. to have (two children, animals) living with one

im áta̱pah v. to be too big for áta̱pah átapah

im atobbih v. to pay to (someone) atobbih

im a̱ttah v. to have (something living with one)

im áyikhanah v. to learn (something) from (someone) from ikhanah learn

im i̱ shahlih n. to prefer to regard (someone, something) as more important

im ikbih v. to make (something) for (someone) ikbih make

im illih v. to lose

im íshih v. to take from (someone), confiscate ishih

im ittayókomah v. to be confused, mixed up ittayókomah be tangled

im iyaksih v. to forget Also: im ihaksih

im ohoyo n. wife

im ohshatto n. womb

im oklhilíchih v. to cause (someone) to black out, knock out oklhilíchih

im oklhilíkah v. to faint, pass out, black out

im ola̱sih v. to be close by to (someone), nearby to from ola̱sih

im ónah v. to have enough onah of one

imábi n. winner

imah v. to give falammi̱t imah v. to give back ilímah v. to give to oneself, give oneself to (someone)

imayya adj. surpassing, triumphant, victorious n. a winner, a victor, a conqueror

imayyah v. to pass, prevail, surpass, defeat Also: ima̱yah

imíholissochi n. secretary

imma post. toward about comp. hofóbi imma toward the deep part hofóbi isht a̱lhi

imma n. culture

immi n. ways, traditions

imo̱baláha n. brother-in-law (of a woman), husband’s brother

imóma v. natural, inborn, permanent

imosána n. forehead

imosána hishi n. eyebrows

imóshi n. his/her maternal uncle, mother’s brother Also: móshi

Imóshi Nittak n. Thursday also Nittak Hollo Imóshi Nittak

i̱nakfi her brother

inashshoka n. her/his/its face nashshoka

innali n. back (of the body) Also: nali

innali foni n. backbone, spine

innipi n. flesh (of a human)

innipi illah v. to be bare-chested, naked (from the waist up) illah only

innipi illah ósh while naked

innipi litikfochi n. lotion

innóchi n. necklace, collar

inno̱chih v. to wear (around the neck)

innoti n. her/his/its tooth noti tooth

innoti isht achífa n. toothbrush

i̱pa áka̱chi n. food stand

i̱pa chito n. feast

i̱pa iskiti̱ni n. snack

i̱pachih v. to feed

i̱pachilah v. to prepare food

i̱pah v. to eat see apah a̱t i̱pah v. to come eat ibá i̱pah v. to eat with (someone)

ipítah v. to feed (a baby, etc., as with a spoon), give (food), share (some of your food with)

ipohchi ittimápa n. coachwhip snake Masticophis flagellum

ipok nakni n. grandson

ipok tík n. granddaughter

i̱ponna n. finest, best

ippa̱shi n. hair (of someone) pa̱shi hair

ippa̱shi kallochi n. hairspray

ippa̱shi litokfochi hair gel

ippohchi n. father-in-law pohchi n. father-in-law

ippohchi ohóyo n. mother-in-law Also: pohchohóyo mother-in-law

ippokni n. his/her grandmother

ish ubd root prefix second person singular marker used before most actions done deliberately: you

i̱shat tahah v. to become more

ishbówa n. hammer

ishih v. to take, grasp, get, pick up hn-gr a̱t ishih v. to come take falammi̱t im ishih v. to get (something) back from (someone), take back from falammi̱t ishih v. to get (something) back im íshih v. to take from (someone), confiscate i̱shih v. to have kopólit ishih v. to bite (someone) and hold on

íshih v. to get hold, carry

i̱shih v. to have from ishih

ishit bólih v. to hit with (stones, a ball, etc.) bólih

ishit cho̱pa n. currency

ishit cho̱pah v. to buy with (money, etc.) cho̱pah

ishit haksichih phrase to bribe

ishit iláwatah v. to brag about, boast about

ishit kihli n. toilet paper, toilet tissue

ishit lha̱kko n. source of strength or power: muscles

ishit nalhlhi n. a syringe

ishki n. mother

ishki achaffa n. maternal aunt, mother’s sister

ishki toba n. stepmother

ishkilli n. soldier grasshopper

ishkish n. anus, butthole

ishko n. drinker

ishkoh v. to drink ihi̱shkoh v. to drink repeatedly

ishpiha n. shovel

isht particle marker appearing before a verb and meaning 'with (a tool, etc.)' marker appearing before a verb and meaning 'about (a topic)' Also: ishit

isht achokmali n. a decoration

isht afábi n. left (side or direction)

isht afácha n. latch, fastener, safety pin, clasp

isht ahalláyah v. to be concerned about, care about, show interest in ahalláyah be concerned

isht áhollo n. yaupon holly

isht akmochi n. glue, tape syn. nán isht akmo

isht akostini̱chi n. understanding of (something) akostini̱chi awareness

isht a̱lhi right (side or direction), starboard Also: isht a̱lhlhi Also: isht i̱pak phrase toward the right Also: isht i̱pak imma

isht alhkama n. lid, cap, top, cork

isht alhpísah v. to fit (of clothes), suit to be comfortable from alhpísah alhpisah

isht ano̱póli n. discussion

isht ano̱polih v. to discuss, talk about from ano̱polih

isht ápachi n. button

isht apísa n. ruler, measuring stick, yardstick

isht ashannichi n. key syn. isht tiwa

isht ataklamah v. to worry about . to be bothered from ataklamah worry

isht átalówa n. chant

isht átapa adj. unruly, disobedient

isht átapah v. to be rowdy, unruly, disobedient, playing around, messing around

isht atohchínah to be third of (a group) from atohchínah third

isht atoklah v. to be second of (kids in a family, etc.) from atoklah

isht attah v. to mess with, pick at, fiddle with Usually used with the -t suffix before another verb. to do (an activity), do (something that is not your main occupation), mess around with from attah stay (of one)

isht a̱yah v. to carry, bring to drive (a car, etc.) to take care of, manage from a̱yah be going

isht bóli n. drumstick, chant stick syn. iti bóli iti tipi̱ha Also: iti bóli chant stick

isht chahi n. hoe

isht cha̱li n. ax, pickax syn. iskifa iski̱fa

isht chamáhachi n. bells

isht chokoshpah v. to gossip about (someone) chokoshpah see o̱ chokoshpah chokoshpah

isht haloppachi n. sharpener

isht hikít iyah v. to start (something) with (a prayer, etc.)

isht hikít mi̱ti kat from the time (something happened)

isht hitoklaho̱ adv. a second time hitoklah twice

isht holmo n. roof

isht hoshi̱tikáchi n. umbrella

isht i̱ holloh v. to be stingy with (money, food, etc.)

isht i̱ ponnah v. to be great at (doing something), skilled at, talented at from i̱ ponnah

isht i̱cho̱li n. writing utensil: pen, pencil, chalk, etc. syn. nán isht i̱cho̱li

isht ik im o̱noh v. to be upset

isht ik ónoh v. to be wrong, improper, insufficient

isht ilaskofáchi n. belt Also: ilíyaskofáchi

isht iláwatah v. to show off (a new toy, etc.) from iláwatah

isht ilíbalámachi n. cologne, perfume

isht ilíkashóchi n. washcloth

isht ilímahlichi n. fan (hand-held or automatic)

isht ilíshilihli n. something to dry oneself with: towel

isht im achokmah v. to be excited about im achokmah from achokmah

isht imma about (a topic), concerning

isht i̱pa n. spoon

isht ishko n. cup

isht i̱talakchi n. bait

isht ittanówah v. to carry on (a language, a tradition), carry on with

isht ittibi n. something to fight with: weapon, etc.

isht iya n. a taker, repo person

isht iyah v. to take (somewhere) from iyah of one

isht kacháya n. scissors syn. isht kachíli isht kalásha Also: ishkacháya

isht kachíli n. scissors syn. isht kacháya isht kalásha

isht kafa n. ladle (for water), dipper

isht kalásha n. scissors syn. isht kacháya isht kachíli

isht kashólichi n. what you wipe or rub with: napkin, eraser Also: isht kashóchi

isht katablih v. to block with (something) from katablih

isht ko̱ta n. whistle

isht lha̱kko n. strength, power Also: ishit lha̱kko

isht lho̱bli n. drill Also: ishit lho̱bli isht fotólit lho̱bli

isht litóli n. pestle Also: ishit litóli

isht milhoffa n. file (tool)

isht nanabli n. what you swallow with: throat

isht nosíchih v. to put to sleep by (doing something) from nosíchih

isht óchi n. container (for water), bucket, pail (hangs on a rope inside a well) syn. asónak Also: okashtóchi

isht ofko n. fanner, fanning basket Also: ofko

isht ofkoh v. older word to fan (corn, etc.), sift (corn, etc.) In older Choctaw, this word applied to the method of fanning corn to separate the grain from debris. In modern Choctaw, this verb is sometimes used for sifting as well as for fanning. from ofkoh

isht okfiyáchi n. laxative

isht o̱miláyachi n. marker, crayon, colored pencil

isht onah v. to get there with (of one), bring there onah of one

isht o̱poholmo n. cover, canopy

isht pa̱shpowa n. broom

isht patta n. palm, sole Also:

isht shápoli n. wheelbarrow

isht tala n. seam

isht tallakchi n. something to tie with: rope, yarn, shoelace, etc.

isht tihli n. tweezers

isht tiwa n. key syn. isht ashannichi

isht tohchínah v. to be three from (a certain point) from tohchínah three

isht washóha n. something you play with: toy, game Also: isht washówa isht washówa toy

isht washóhah v. to play with (a ball, etc.)

isht wíki n. weight

isht yohli n. sifter

ishtakáchi n. fishhook, fishing hook syn. nani isht ittiyalbi nani isht tabli

ishtakli n. ladle (for soup)

ishtika n. traditional guide who shares wisdom, respected facilitator, officiant (for a wedding), overseer of a group, cultural counselor, orator, host

isikópah v. to bully

iskali n. money Also: skali < French

iskali áboshollichi n. newer word bank

iskali áyásha n. newer word bank syn. chokka iskali áyásha iskali áboshollichi iskali áyásháchi

iskali áyásháchi n. newer word bank

iskali boshóli n. change (for a large bill, etc.)

iskali i̱ shokcha n. purse, wallet Also: iskali shokcha

iskali ikono n. dime

iskali lakna n. penny

iskali toklo n. quarter, two bits

iskifa n. ax, splitting maul syn. isht cha̱li iski̱fa

iski̱fa n. ax syn. isht cha̱li iskifa

iski̱fosi n. hatchet

iskitini n. great horned owl Also: ishkitini iskiti̱ni

iskitíni adj. small amount, a little bit Also: istikíni

iskona n. intestines chitterlings Also: ishkona

iskonáchih v. to gut, clean (an animal)

iso̱las n. tongue Also: hato̱las isso̱las isso̱lash ito̱las

issachih v. to make stop, turn off see moshólichih

issah v. to stop, quit (doing something) to close

issap n. louse, lice

issap nihi n. nit, louse egg

issat issah v. to have just finished, quit, be over, be completed

issi n. deer, antelope issi hakshop deerhide, deerskin

issi hakshop deerhide, deerskin from issi hakshop skin

issi holba chito n. moose

issi i̱ takkon n. southern crabapple tree

issi i̱ takkon oshi api n. plum tree (American plum tree)

issi kosóma n. goat Also: sokosóma

issi lapish n. deer antlers

issi osi n. fawn

issi tík n. doe

issis n. blood Also: issish

issis i̱ hina n. blood vein

issis illah v. to be bloody illah only

issito n. pumpkin, squash

issito holba n. newer word summer squash Also: issito oshi

issoba n. horse, colt

issoba basówa n. zebra

issoba haksobis faláya n. donkey, mule, ass syn. haksobis faláya

issoba i̱ chokka n. horse stable

issoba i̱ sholosh n. horseshoe

issoba isht halalli n. bridle (for a horse)

issoba itti̱pakna n. horse race

issoba kapa̱li n. horse bit

issoba o̱biníli n. saddle

issoba osi n. pony

issoba tík n. mare

issoba to̱ksali n. mule, work horse

issoba yilhípa n. race horses

issoh v. to hit, strike

istayyópi n. the last, last one, final one adj. last Also: ishtayyópi

ít dir. marker added before a verb to indicate direction toward the speaker: here, this way

ít filímah v. to turn (and look this way) filímah

itakha n. mouth syn. itih Also: itakka

i̱takóbi adj. lazy

italhpówa n. chinaberry tree

italikchi n. black cherry

italikchi alhpówa n. domesticated cherry

itchoshshak n. base of neck

iti n. tree, wood, stick iti ittóla n. fallen tree stick piece of wood

iti ani n. black gum, tupelo syn. hika losa api hopa̱sapi hoshi api

iti bacháya n. footbridge (made of one log)

iti bachóha n. footbridge (made of several logs) bachóha two or more

iti basha n. board

iti basha chokka n. frame house

iti bashli n. saw syn. iti isht bashli

iti chanáha n. wagon Also: iti chanalli ti chanalli

iti fabassa n. sacred pole see fabassah

iti hakshop n. tree bark

iti hishi n. leaf, leaves on a tree

iti hishi apa n. leafhopper

iti hishi haloppa n. American holly yaupon holly syn. isht áhollo

iti ishit shi̱ma n. Christmas ornament

iti isht bashli n. saw syn. iti bashli

iti ittóla n. fallen tree from iti tree ittolah to fall down

iti kafi n. sassafras tree syn. kafi

iti kallo n. bois d’arc

iti kochayáya n. night heron

iti kolófa n. tree stump

iti kosóma n. sourwood tree

iti naksish n. tree branch

iti nipa n. rabbit stick Also: iti isht nipa

iti nipa ikbi n. rabbit stick maker Also: itishnipa ikbi

iti patápo n. bridge, floor Also: iti ta̱po

iti sháli n. logging truck sháli carrier

iti shíma n. Christmas tree

iti shimáfa n. splinter Also: shimáfa

iti taptówa n. wood blocks

iti tipi̱ha n. striking sticks, chant sticks syn. isht bóli iti bóli

iti toshbi n. rotten wood

itih n. mouth syn. itakha

itih sokpi n. cheek

itikba post. the front of (a house, etc.)

ito̱bi n. trunk, casket, coffin

ito̱bi ikbi n. casket maker

itokawilóha n. hazel alder

ito̱lash faláya n. a gossip syn. chokoshpa

ittabówah v. to collide, run into each other from abówah hit

ittachákah v. to be attached to, connected to

ittachákalíchih v. to put together

ittachákalih v. to join together, tie together, splice together

ittachápa n. partners, mates, matching pairs Also: ittichápa see achápa

ittachápah v. to be partnered (in a dance, etc.)

ittacháyah v. to collide acháyah

ittachokmahnih v. to like each other syn. ittiyahnih

ittachówah v. to argue with

ittafámah v. to meet

ittahchi n. her/his/its/their shoulder tahchi shoulder

ittahóba n. a gathering

ittahóbah v. to assemble (of people), convene, get together get:together a̱t ittahóbah v. to come gather, come meet

ittahobbih v. to accumulate, pile up, gather together to pick up (passengers) Also: ittahoblih

ittaholbah v. be the same, look the same, resemble Also: itti holbah

ittakobba n. stomach, belly, abdomen syn. ikfoka

ittaláchih v. to arrive here (of two), get here see alah of one áyalah ta̱kla ittaláchih v. to come with (someone, of two) see ta̱kla alah

ittalho̱fah v. to be dislocated, get dislocated see talhoffih

ittalhtobówachih v. to switch (ball players, etc.)

ittanáha n. church gathering

ittanáhah v. to congregate, assemble (for church, meetings, etc.)

ittanoho̱wah v. to keep going, walking from ittanówah from nówah nówat ittanoho̱wah

Ittanówa Hilha n. Walk Dance

ittanówah v. to do (something) together to go around together, walk together visit from nówah ittanoho̱wah

ittapíhah v. to be together (of a group of people) apíhah

ittashíhachih v. to tangle (something)

ittashíhah v. to be tangled

ittashíkonówa n. a tangle (of yarn, thread, hair)

ittatóba n. trader

ittatóbah v. to trade with

ittatokloh v. to both be together

ittato̱kloh v. to be two, be both

ittatowwichih v. to mess up (a puzzle, a room, etc.) Also: ittatowwachih Also: tatowwichih

ittawáya n. wedding

Ittawáya Hilha n. Wedding Dance

ittawáyah v. to be married, get married to marry (someone)

ittayokhana n. a cross

ittayókomah v. to be mixed up, confused im ittayókomah v. to be confused, mixed up

ittayókomih v. to mix (things) up, confuse

ittayokshanáya n. x-shaped cross

itti- v. prefix each other, together

itti̱- v. prefix recip:III

itti alhtobówah v. to alternate, take turns, switch Also: ittalhtobówah

itti̱ bili̱ka post. near to each other, close to each other

itti̱ falámah v. to reunite

itti̱ falammichih v. to separate syn. itti̱ filámóchih

itti̱ falammih v. to be separated

itti̱ filámóchih v. to separate (two children, etc.) syn. itti̱ falammichih

itti̱ filámówah v. to depart (of a group)

itti̱ holloh v. to care for each other

itti ka̱chih v. to be separated (of a couple)

itti̱ kanómi n. cousins of each other, relatives of each other syn. i̱ kanómi i̱ kanómi kanómi

itti̱ kanómih v. to be related

itti lawit nówah v. to date (to walk together)

itti lawwichi n. adjustment

itti lawwichih v. to make equal, balance, straighten

itti lawwih v. to be equal, even, the same together Also: ittilawwih be equal

itti̱ nokoho̱wah v. to be mad at each other (repeatedly) from itti̱ nokówah

itti̱ nokówah v. to be mad at each other itti̱ nokoho̱wah v. to be mad at each other (repeatedly)

itti o̱ kahpowah v. to be laid on each other (of sticks, wood, etc.) kahpowah

itti̱ paknah v. to race, compete

ittibá achaffah v. to be as one together, agree ibá achaffah achaffah Also: ittibáyachaffah Also: ittibá chaffah

ittibá talówa alhíha n. choir

ittibalhto n. something put in together with (something else)

ittibalhtoh v. to enter together alhtoh enter (of two) ittiba̱lhtoh

ittiba̱lhtoh v. to be mixed together ittibalhtoh alhtoh

ittibánih v. to combine

ittibi n. boxer, fighter

Ittibi Hilha n. War Dance

Ittibi Palhki Hilha n. Fast War Dance

ittibih v. to fight

ittichápah v. to partner up

itti̱filammih v. separate

ittihalallih n. to be married, get married

ittihalbi miláyachi n. lipstick

itti̱kána n. friendship, best friends

Itti̱kána Hilha n. Friendship Dance

itti̱kanah v. older word To get to know with romantic interest

ittikkanah v. to get to know each other

ittim ano̱polih v. to talk together, converse holisso ittim ano̱polih v. to read

ittim atahlih v. to agree with each other, to conclude in accord

ittim ikka̱nah v. to be acquainted, know each other

ittim iklanna to̱ksali n. sharecropper

ittim i̱lah v. to be different from each other

Ittimólabi Hilha n. Stealing Partners Dance

ittishi n. wrestler

ittishih v. to wrestle

itti̱ta̱kla post. between (two things) itti̱ta̱kla ka̱ post. between (two points in time), before (night, etc.)

itti̱ta̱kla ka̱ post. between (two points in time), before (night, etc.) itti̱ta̱kla between

ittitommah v. to be close together (of trees, cars, etc.)

ittiyáchih v. to go (of two) see ilhkólih of three or more iyah of one hikít ittiyáchih v. to start (of two), start (doing), begin see hikít ilhkólih hikít iyah start

ittiyahnih v. to take an interest in each other, have a crush on each other from ahnih wish

ittiyákayyah v. to follow each other

ittiyalbi n. lip, lips Also: ittihalbi

ittiyalhíha n. family

ittiyáni̱chih v. to carry on with both (activities), do both (things)

ittiyápishi n. sibling, brother, sister var. ttiyapishi Also: ittibápishi

ittiyapíya v. go:together

ittiyásanálih v. to be opposite of each other to be conflicting, against each other, opposed ásanálih

ittolah v. to fall down comp. iti ittóla iti comp. okattolah

ittólah v. to lie down (of one) This verb often loses its first syllable when a prefix precedes, so illi áttola Variant of illi áyittóla see kahah lie down (of two) kahma̱yah lying down (of three or more) tashkih itto̱lah

itto̱lah v. to be lying down from ittólah lie down (of one) illi áttola Also: itto̱

ittomma post. near, close to

ittonáchih v. to arrive there (of two), get to (a place) see áyonah of three or more onah of one falámat ittonáchih v. to get back to (a place), come back to, return there (of two)

iyá si̱ti n. eel Also: nani si̱ti yási̱ti

iyáchona n. back of neck

iyah v. to go (of one), go to comp. hattak shotik misha iya astronaut hattak begin:to see ilhkólih of three or more ittiyáchih of two a̱t iyah v. to pass by (of one), come by, go by see o̱t iyah awa̱t iyah v. to go along with (somebody) falámat iyah v. to go back (of one), return (somewhere else) falammi̱t isht iyah v. to take (something) back to (a place) hikít iyah v. to start (something, of one), start (doing), begin The subject agreement is used before to come from (some place) Also: hikítiya see hikít ilhkólih hikít ittiyáchih áyisht hikít iyah v. to begin at (a place) i̱ shahlit iyah v. to get more (rowdy, etc., of one), escalate, go beyond Also: i̱ shát iyah ihi̱yah v. to go (repeatedly) isht iyah v. to take (somewhere) o̱t iyah v. to pass by (of one), go by to be past (a certain time) see a̱t iyah pist iyah v. to go see (someone), visit tahat iyah v. to be lost (of an object, idea, practice), worn out, going to it's end ta̱kla iyah to go with (someone, of one) see ta̱kla ilhkólih ta̱kla pist iyah v. to go see (someone) with (someone), visit

iyákayya n. a follower

iyákayyah v. to follow

iyalli n. price, cost Also: yalli

iyanabi n. hop-hornbeam, ironwood

iyánah v. excusable, to be

iyyakchosh n. claw, talon Also: iyyakosh also iyyi akchosh

iyyi n. foot hoof, paw

iyyi api n. leg

iyyi bánoh v. to be barefoot bánoh

iyyi cha̱ko n. calf (of the leg) syn. holhki iyyi i̱ shilokwa iyyi lha̱pko

iyyi i̱ shilokwa calf of the leg syn. iyyi cha̱ko

iyyi im oksak n. ankle Also: iyyi imossak iyyimo̱sak iyyipo̱sak

iyyi ishki n. big toe

iyyi ishki apáta n. second toe

iyyi ishpahta áhabli taka̱li n. footprint

iyyi ishpatta n. sole of foot

iyyi kaláha n. knee Also: iyyi i̱kaláha

iyyi kotóba n. heel of foot

iyyi lha̱pko n. calf of the leg

iyyi oshi n. toe Also: iyyoshi

iyyi oshi akni n. fourth toe

iyyi oshi a̱lhi n. little toe syn. iyyi oshi osi

iyyi oshi hakshop n. toenail

iyyi oshi iklanna n. middle toe

iyyi oshi osi n. little toe syn. iyyi oshi a̱lhi

iyyi shilokwa n. the calf of the leg

iyyikowa n. work party or gathering for someone sick or injured

iyyobi n. thigh

iyyop n. son-in-law, niece’s husband

K k

k- v. prefix 1pN

-ka v. suffix must have,

-ka̱ v. suffix comp:ds

kabotcha n. stickball sticks stickball (the sport) Also: kapotcha

kabotcha átóli n. stickball game

Kabotcha Hilha n. Stickball Dance

kabotcha ikbi n. stickball stick maker

kabotcha tóli n. stickball player

kabotcha towwa n. stickball (the ball used in the game)

ka̱chak n. barn syn. osápa chokka

kacháyah v. to cut (with shears)

ka̱chi cha iyah v. to leave without (someone)

ka̱chih v. to sell see ka̱pilah i̱ ka̱chih v. to sell to, sell for

ka̱chih v. to really (do something) comp. tát ka̱chih tahlih

kachílih v. to cut (with scissors)

kachíyah v. to be cut (with scissors)

kacho̱bih v. to be lumpy, swollen

kafi n. sassafras syn. iti kafi coffee

kafi áhoni n. coffee maker syn. kafi áyikbi kafi chakbi Also: kafi áhonni

kafi áyikbi n. coffee maker

kafi chakbi n. coffee maker syn. kafi áhoni kafi áyikbi

Kafi hashi n. Sassafras month (July)

kafi lakchi n. coffee dregs lakchi

káh n. car syn. hina chanalli hina chanalli ná balíli ná balíli ná chanalli < English car

káh ayiska n. car mechanic

kahah v. to lie down (of two) see ittólah lie down (of one) illi áttola kahma̱yah lying down (of three or more) tashkih v. to be lying down (of two) This verb is generally used in a modified form, for example a grade form.

kahlih v. to lay (something plural) down to bet

kahma̱yah v. to be lying down (of three or more) Also: kama̱ya see ittólah lie down (of one) illi áttola kahah lie down (of two) tashkih

kahpolih v. to put (two or more) down, lay (two or more) down Also: kappoli see bohlih put (one)

kahpowah v. to be laid down itti o̱ kahpowah v. to be laid on each other (of sticks, wood, etc.)

-kakósh v. suffix but:ss

kalach n. collard greens < English

kala̱chah v. to be rotten or rancid

kaláchi n. color syn. o̱miláya

kaláfah v. to be scratched

kalaffih v. to scratch (one) see kallichih scratch (two or more)

kaláhah v. older word to be round (like a ball or a circle) syn. lo̱boh

kalahlih v. to make round (like a ball or a circle) to be all scratched up

kalakbi n. newer word sloped valley

kalakshichih v. to embarrass Also: kalaksichih

kalakshih v. to be shy, embarrassed syn. hofahyah takshih i̱ kalakshih v. to be shy around (someone), embarrassed around, ashamed around

kala̱pi adj. frozen

kala̱pichih v. to freeze

kali n. a well, a spring Also: kalih

kali oka n. spring water, well water

kallichih v. to scratch (two or more or several times, as in a fight) Also: kallih see kalaffih scratch (one)

kallochih v. to harden

kalloh v. to be hard, strong

kanah indefinite someone, somebody anyone, whoever (not) anyone, nobody (in a negative sentence), no one who (in a question within another sentence) kanah i̱la someone else, everyone else kanah kiyoh phrase it's not anyone, it's nobody

kanah i̱la someone else, everyone else kanah someone

kanah kiya indefinite anyone, someone syn. kanimma

kanah kiyoh phrase it's not anyone, it's nobody from kanah someone

kanah mako̱ indefinite everyone, everybody syn. kanah mo̱mah

kanah mo̱mah indefinite everyone This word isn't used with yat or at, often used with kat or -t

kanallichih v. to move (something) Also: kanáchih

kanallih v. to move, move oneself

kani indefinite somewhere, some place kaníno somewhere n. some (of them) v. be:some:amount:of:time

kaní kano some day

kaní kiya indefinite somewhere any way

kanihmi indefinite anyway

kanihmih v. to do (something indefinite) Also: kanih

kanihmina indefinite why (in a question within another sentence), the reason (for something) see katihmina katína

kaníkako̱ indefinite whenever, at whatever time syn. kaníkmako̱

kaníkma̱ indefinite sometimes, some day Also: kanikma̱

kaníkmako̱ whenever syn. kaníkako̱

kanímih v. for something to happen

kanímih v. to get better, recover Also: kanih

kanimma indefinite somewhere someone syn. kanah kiya Also: kanomma

kanimma kiya pro. whichever indefinite wherever, anywhere, whichever way indefinite whoever

kanimma máko̱ anywhere Also: kani máko kanímako̱

kanimma makósh indefinite whenever, the time when

kanimma mo̱mah everywhere mo̱mah be all

kanit v. to do somehow how, a certain way Also: kaniht

kanitchi indefinite how (in a question within another sentence) Also: kanihchi

kaniyah v. to be really (pretty, etc.), completely, very to really (do something)

kaniyah v. to probably (do something), almost (doing something) Also: kanah

kaníyah v. to go away (of one), leave to die (a polite euphemism) see kaníyah of one tamóhah go away, of two or more i̱ kaníyah v. to be lost to (of an item, someone through death) to leave from (someone, as a fever)

kaníyah v. to be lost (of one), disappear to pass away (of one) see kaníyah of one tamóhah go away, of two or more i̱ kaníyah v. to be lost to (of an item, someone through death) to leave from (someone, as a fever)

kaniyak n. some place

kaniyohmih indefinite how (used in a question within another sentence), however, somehow some (people, etc.) Also: kanohmi

kaniyómih v. to be some (men, women, etc.) to do something Also: kanímih

-kano v. suffix comp:ds:2

kanohmih adj. an indefinite amount: some, several, etc. int. some amount Also: kanómi o̱t kanohmit tahahma̱ some (days, minutes, etc.) later

kanohmona some of them

kanómi n. cousin, relative syn. i̱ kanómi i̱ kanómi itti̱ kanómi

kapálih v. to put in the mouth kapa̱lih v. to have in the mouth

kapa̱lih v. to have in the mouth from kapálih

kapassah v. to be cold syn. hotchówah okassa cold water i̱ kapassah v. to feel cold

kapassalih v. to cool, chill (a room, a drink, etc.)

ka̱pila n. a sale (of baskets, etc.)

ka̱pilah v. to sell (multiple objects) see ka̱chih

kapko n. grove

kapko n. hackberry

kapon api n. shagbark hickory tree

kasbi n. dirt yard

-kásh v. suffix marker appearing after a verb or numeral following someone or something previously mentioned

ka̱sha sfx. might, maybe, possibly hikkiya a̱sha

kashablih v. to divide (something), share, divvy up

ka̱shak ahi

kashápa n. parts or pieces of something that has been divided like a team or cake

kashápah v. to be divided

kashího n. old woman

kashíhoh v. to be older (of a woman--not of animals)

kashka n. mud cat, channel cat, yellow catfish

kashkolih

kashófa adj. clean, tidy

kashófah v. to be clean to have been forgiven kasho̱fah v. to be very clean

kasho̱fah v. to be very clean from kashófah be clean

kashoffih v. to clean, clear, erase i̱ kashoffih v. to forgive

kashólichih v. to wipe (more than once), scrub Also: kashohlichih Also:

kashtih n. flea

-kat v. suffix marker of the subject of a sentence (appearing after a verb or numeral): the one that marker at the end of a sentence indicating that the subject of that sentence is the same as the next sentence

katablih v. to cut off, obstruct, block see okhatablih Variant of oktablih oktablih isht katablih v. to block with (something)

katah int. who, whose katash int. who (subject form)

ka̱tak n. laurel greenbrier

ka̱tak api n. briar or bramble

kata̱li adj. tight, snug

kata̱lichih v. to make tight, grip tightly to get squeezed to tighten Also: kata̱chih see kata̱lih

kata̱lih v. to be tight, snug see kata̱lichih

katápah to block (a road, a person, etc.) i̱ katápah to block (a road, a person, etc.)

katash int. who (subject form) katah who

kati n. thorn red hawthorn honey locust eastern mayhew

kati int. where int. how long, how long ago indefinite how

kati a̱cho n. wild rose Rosa arkansana see ná paka̱li alhpowa ná paka̱li homma

kati lakna n. bois d'arc

kati losa n. black locust

katiffih v. to turn off, cut off (water, power, funding, etc.), cut off (another driver)

katihchih int. to do how Also: katitchi see katiht how

katihmih int. what is the matter (with someone)? what is wrong, happening with? what (does, will) (someone) do? Also: katími

katihmina int. why, how come, what is the reason Also: katímina see kanihmina katína

katiht int. how see katihchih how

katíkako̱ int. when (in the future) syn. katikma̱ Also: katíkak kati̱kako̱

katíkásh int. when (in the past), when was it

katikma̱ int. when (in the future) syn. katíkako̱ Also: katíkma̱

katímihchih int. to do (something unknown) to do how Also: katihchi see katímish how

katímihósh int. how see katímish how

katímish int. how see katímihchih katímihósh how

katimma int. where which Also: katomma

katimmakako̱ int. which where

katimmakakósh int. which katimmásh int. which (of 3 or more) katommásh int. which (of three or more)

katimma̱pokakósh int. which (of two)

katimmásh int. which (of 3 or more) contr katimmakakósh which

katína int. why, how come syn. nátína see kanihmina katihmina

katiyak int. where Also: katak

katiyohmi int. how many why Also: katayohmi

katiyohmikako̱ int. which (plural), which ones (object form)

katiyohmikakósh int. how many (subject form)

-kato v. suffix comp:ss

katohmih int. how many, how much

katommásh int. which (of three or more) contr katimmakakósh which

katos n. cat Also: kato

katosi n. kitten Also: kato oshi katoshi katososhi katososi

-katto v. suffix exclamatory

kayákachih v. to waddle (like a duck)

kayyah v. to be full (from eating) syn. shatablih Also: okayyah

kayyih ex. exclamation at something wrong happening: oh, no! syn. koho okokko si̱lih

ki- v. prefix Prefix for 'we' in the negative and in 'let's' expressions.

kicha̱lih v. to have a rash Also: kacha̱lih

kifáhah v. to grunt

kiffi̱hah v. to strike repeatedly with elbow or palm

kifíhah v. to punch

kihlih v. to wipe oneself i̱ kihlih v. to wipe (another person, as a baby)

kil- v. prefix 1pN

kilíhah v. to growl

kili̱ki n. parakeet

kili̱ki chito n. parrot

kináfah v. to fall (of a tree), be felled, knocked down, chopped down (of a tree)

kinaffih v. to chop down, fell (a tree)

kinni̱hah v. to banter

kísan n. tire, wheel < English Greystone

ki̱shah sfx. yet, still

kishih n. burden basket

ki̱ta n. beaver

ki̱ta hakshop n. beaver pelt, beaver skin

ki̱ta holba n. muskrat

kitak n. sawyer beetle

kittih n. mortar Also: kotti

kittosh n. older word mortar (bowl for grinding)

-kiya n. suffix even, any, also, too v. suffix even though, although kind of ano ak kiya me too, I also, me as well pishno ak kiya us too, we also yohmih kiya conj. even though it’s like that, although

kiya̱ti n. candy

-kiyo̱ v. suffix must be

kiyoh interj. no not Also: kíyo

Klaist n. Christ

-kma v. suffix irr

-kma̱ v. comp:sr suffix irr:ds der. mishshakma̱ mishsha

-kmat v. comp:sr suffix irr:ss Also: -k mat

kobáfa adj. broken, snapped (of a branch, pencil, chair leg, etc.) Also: kobófa

kobáfah v. to break (of one branch, pencil, chair leg, etc.), be broken, snap see kobahlih broken (of two or more)

kobaffih v. to break (one branch, pencil, chair leg, etc.), snap see kobahlichih break (two or more)

kobahlichih v. to break (two or more, as branches, pencils, chair legs, etc.), snap see kobaffih break (one)

kobahlih v. to break (of two or more, as of branches, pencils, chair legs, etc.), be broken, snap see kobáfah broken (of one)

koblih v. to bite (repeatedly), nibble, chew, gnaw see kopólih bite once

kobolli n. a chip, chipped off pieces syn. botolli

kobollichih to chip, flake (something)

kobollih v. to be broken to pieces

kocha n. outside weather see kotchah go out

kocha ápisa n. window

kocha átiya n. outhouse Also: chokkosi átiya outhouse

kochá balíli ánówa n. a track something runs along outside

kocháwílih v. to take out (two or more, as from a box)

kocháwiyah v. to come out (of three or more)

kochófah v. to be bent (of a fender, metal etc.)

kochoffih v. to bend

kofi n. quail, bobwhite quail

kofi alhpowa n. guinea fowl

Kofi Hilha n. Quail Dance

koho ex. exclamation at something wrong happening: oh, no! syn. kayyih okokko si̱lih

kókolih v. to shatter several (plates, glasses, etc.)

kókowah v. to shatter, be shattered (eggs, plates, glasses, etc.)

kolháha n. southern magnolia

kólih v. to shatter, break (an egg, glass, windows, etc.)

kollih v. to dig (a well, a hole, ditch, grave, etc.)

kolófah v. to be cut, gashed (a deep cut, like a split)

koloffih v. to cut (a body part with a fishing line or paper, for example)

kolokbi n. ditch, gulley also yakni kolokbi

kommichi n. ache

kommichih v. to ache, tingle with pain to tingle, pine, long for

komóta n. anxiety, fear

komótah v. to be fearful, nervous, anxious Also: kamóta

Koni Hata n. Conehatta

konih n. skunk Also: koni

kopólih v. to bite once see koblih bite repeatedly

kopólit ishih v. to bite (someone) and hold on ishih

kosh kosh n. fried corn meal

ko̱shak n. reed brake

koshíba n. pokeweed syn. oskoshíba

kosómah v. to stink (of the feet, sweat, etc.) syn. showah

kostinih v. to get sober, be well-behaved adj. to be gentle kosti̱nih v. to be sober, righteous, well-behaved

kosti̱nih v. to be sober, righteous, well-behaved from kostinih gentle

kotah v. to be weak

ko̱tah v. to whistle

kotchah v. to go out see kocha outside weather á kotchah v. to come out of, go out of (something)

kotchih v. to take (something) out, get (something) out Also: kohchi halát kotchih v. to pull out

kotóba n. glass bottle, glass container Also: katóba

kówa adj. shattered, broken into pieces

kowáfábi n. paper wasp Also: oká fábi

kówah v. to shatter, be shattered, broken into pieces (of one)

kowásha adj. short (in height, as of people, animals, trees, etc.) Also: kawásha

kowáshah v. to be short (in height, as of people, animals, trees, etc.)

kowi n. panther, cougar, jaguar

kowi n. forest

kowi basówa n. tiger

kowi chito n. large panther, jaguar, or other panthera species - lion, leopard, cheetah, etc.

Kowi Chito hashi n. Big Panther month (December)

kowi lhiyohli n. cow killer wasp, eastern velvet ant

kowi̱chosh n. young bobcat or lynx

Kowi̱chosh hashi n. Wildcat month (January)

kowih n. mile

L l

lacha adj. wet

lachah v. to be wet syn. shommih

lachálih v. to get (something) wet

lakchi n. wet particles: dregs, slurry, etc. kafi lakchi n. coffee dregs shinok lakchi n. sand slurry

lakna adj. yellow

lakna hata adj. orange

lakna hatah v. to be orange

laknah v. to be yellow to be rusty

laksha n. sweat

lakshah v. to sweat

lapálichih v. to stick (something) to Also: lapáchi

lapálih v. to stick to see lapohma̱yah

lapálika post. side, beside see apátah beside

lapcho n. worm, earthworm Also: lakcho

lapish n. horn, antlers

lapish ishttakáshi n. medicine horn

lapitta n. a stag, male deer

lapohma̱yah v. to have (thorns, moles, etc. attached) see lapálih

laposhkichih v. to soften (a hide, etc.)

laposhkih v. to be soft, spongy (as cornbread or cake) Also: yaboshkih

lashpah v. to be hot (of weather, water, a pan, etc.) v. to feel hot, be hot (of a person)

lassáchih v. to slap (once)

lassa̱hah v. to slap (repeatedly) syn. lhippáchih

latassah v. to be flat syn. patassah

la̱wa kat phrase a lot of them, most of them (subject form) lawah

lawáchih v. to get a lot (of something), make a lot (of something)

lawah v. to be many, lots, much, a lot of i̱ lawah v. to have much, a lot, a whole bunch, many ik láwo n. a little bit (of something), a few ik láwoh v. to be few, less, not a lot, not many, not enough, run out la̱wa kat phrase a lot of them, most of them (subject form) la̱wah v. to be many, plenty

la̱wah v. to be many, plenty lawah

lawwih v. to pick up (something heavy)

lhabahlih v. to drip (slowly)

lhaba̱kah v. to snore

lhabócha adj. boiled

lhabóchah v. to be boiling (of food in water, etc.)

lhaboshlichih v. to be bubbling, simmering (as of food)

lhabówah v. to be round, spherical, plump Also: lhabóha

lhacha̱kah v. to be mushy

lhacho̱hah v. to have multiple holes see lhacho̱lih

lhacho̱lichih v. to make (multiple) holes in (something)

lhacho̱lih v. to make a hole in (something) see lhacho̱hah

lhachówa n. a sore

lhachówa ikhi̱sh n. sore medicine (jimsonweed, thorn-apple) Datura stramonium

lhachówah v. to have sores

lha̱fa n. a mark, line, diacritical mark

lha̱fah v. to be scratched, marked

lha̱ffih v. to scratch (and leave one line), mark, score, rule see lhahlih two or more

lhafíhah v. to be muddy, boggy

lhafítah v. to be muddy, boggy

lhahlih v. to scratch, scrape off (two or more marks) see lha̱ffih one

lha̱kah v. to grunt (like a bear in the woods) to breathe hard, snort, snore

lha̱kko n. strength, power, energy

lha̱kkochih v. to strengthen, give strength

lha̱kkoh v. to be strong to be strong Also: lha̱pkoh falámat lha̱kkoh v. to get strong again

lhako̱fah v. to be safe (because you were cautious or escaped from something)

lhakoffichih v. to miss (in doing something to something else, as in shooting a target)

lhakoffi̱chih v. to save (someone)

lhakoffih v. to miss (an event) to recover i̱ lhakoffih v. to miss (a bus, appointment, etc.) lhako̱ffih v. to be safe, escape

lhako̱ffih v. to be safe, escape lhakoffih escape

lhálih v. to spill

lhatahlih v. to drip Also: lhitahlih see lhata̱pah lhatápah

lhatápah v. to drip (of a liquid) lhata̱pah v. to be dripping (of water) see lhatahlih drip

lhata̱pah v. to be dripping (of water) lhatápah see lhatahlih drip

lhiblih v. to make second-hand, used

lhi̱fah v. to be strained or pulled (of a muscle)

lhi̱ffih v. to pluck out (hair) to strain (a muscle) see ti̱ffih one tihlih two or more

lhi̱kah v. to blow (the nose) to rumble (like a car engine) see lhiti̱kah

lhika̱hah v. to be muddy

lhiláfah v. to tear or rip (of cloth), be torn or ripped (one time) comp. ná lhiláfa ná

lhilaffih v. to rip (paper, etc.), tear

lhilákachih v. to throw tantrum, have a fit

lhilákah v. to yell at harshly

lhilallih v. to be shredded

lhilatchih v. to rip or tear something (multiple times) Also: lhatchi

lhillichih v. to shred (paper, fabric, etc.)

lhipáchih v. to slap or hit on the back or shoulder

lhipahlih v. to be stripped

lhipíchih v. to turn (something) upside down

lhipílih v. to spill or pour out

lhipíyah v. to spill (of water, etc.) to be turned over, upside down

lhippáchih v. to slap, hit syn. lassa̱hah

lhippah v. to be used, second-hand

lhippa̱hah v. to beat up

lhiti̱kah v. to rumble (of an engine, etc.) see lhi̱kah

lhitófah v. to be unravelled unwound (of string, tendons) Also: lhitówah

lhitoffih v. to unravel, unwind (string, etc.)

lhiyohlih v. to chase Also: lhiyóli

lhobbah v. to splash (like the sound made by a heavy object thrown into the water)

lho̱blih v. to make holes (in a wall, etc.) Also: lho̱bih

lhoboktah v. to be short and round (of people, etc.)

lho̱chih v. to make holes

lho̱fah v. to be skinned

lho̱ffih v. to skin (a rabbit, etc.)

lhokáchih v. to lash, whip (a horse, mule)

lho̱kah v. to grunt (like a pig)

lhokáta n. whip

lhokka̱hah v. to whip

lhoko̱klo n. hummingbird Also: lhiko̱klo tiko̱klo

lho̱pa n. where something has pierced or punctured: hole (in a shirt, etc.) Also: lhópa comp. oski lho̱pa blow gun oski

lho̱plih v. to pierce, puncture

lhopollichih v. to put through (thread through a needle, etc.) to get through (with effort or difficulty) Also: lhobollichih

lhopollih v. to go through (town, a door, etc.) Also: lhobolli nówat lhopollih v. to walk through (a house, etc.)

lhowallih v. to tease back and forth, banter

-li v. 1sI suffix first person singular marker used after most actions done deliberately: I

libbichih v. to make (something) flare up Also: liblichih

libbih v. to flare up Also: liblih

libíshah v. to be warm (of coffee, water, weather, etc.)

libishlih v. to warm (something, someone)

likímah v. to be warm

likimmih v. to warm up (something), reheat

litáfah v. to be broken (of string, rope, necklace, etc.)

litaffih v. to break (string, rope, necklace, etc.)

litíhah v. to be dirty

litihlih v. to get (something) dirty

litikfoh v. to be greasy, sticky (like a child eating a popsicle) Also: litokfoh

litólih v. to mash, grind

litówah v. to be mashed, beaten up to be bruised, sore

lobáfah v. to be picked (of a vegetable, etc.), pulled, broken off

lobaffih v. to pull out, pull off (a squash, etc.), pick Also: bolaffih

lobbih v. to pull up (plants such as carrots, potatoes, etc.), uproot Also: loblih

lo̱bo n. circle, sphere

lobo̱chi n. egg syn. aka̱koshi

lo̱bochih v. to make round

lo̱boh v. to be round, spherical syn. kaláhah

loffih v. to remove the skin or husk of a vegetable, hull (beans, etc.), peel (oranges, etc.), shuck (corn, etc.), shell (peas)

lohmih v. to hide (something) ilí lohmih v. to hide oneself

lokchok n. mud

lokchok ahi n. wild potato

lokfi n. dirt, soil, clay

lokfi nona n. brick

lokka n. clothes, dress syn. ilokka

lokka lo̱bo n. shirt

lokkashto n. jacket, coat also ilokka chito coat

lokóli n. group, herd

lokólih v. to be in a group, herd

loksi n. turtle, tortoise lock

loksi bashkah n. red-eared slider (turtle)

loksi chito n. large tortoise, large turtle

loksi hakshop n. turtle shell, tortoise shell

Loksi Hilha n. Turtle Dance

lomah v. to hide (oneself)

lo̱mah v. to be quiet, quiet down

lo̱mahósh adv. doing lightly, gently, easily

lo̱mat doing quietly doing slowly, easily, gently Also: lohmat

lopi n. brain

losa adj. black

losáchih v. to dye or color black

losah v. to be black

losakbi adj. gray

losakbih v. to be gray

losat tahah v. to turn dark (of the sky), get a tan

losbih v. to turn dark (of skin, a room, etc.)

loshommih v. to finish off (food, paying bills, etc.)

lo̱ssah n. swamp Also: lo̱sah

lowáchih v. to ignite, light, start (a fire), make burn syn. hokmih

lowah v. to burn, get burned

lowak n. fire

lowak áhokmi n. fireplace

lowak ákocháwiha n. fire escape

lowak áyololhti n. older word wood stove, fireplace

lowak áyóti n. fireplace syn. áyóti áyóti lowak áhokmi lowak áyololhti lowak áyololhti

lowak chito n. big fire, hell

lowak isht ikbi n. matches, lighter

lowak isht tobáchi n. matches syn. lowak isht ikbi lowak toba

lowak ittibi n. firefighter syn. lowak moshólichi

lowak moshólichi n. firefighter

lowak moshólichi oka sháli n. fire engine

lowak oka isht o̱lháli n. firehose

lowak palah n. torch

lowak toba matches syn. lowak isht tobáchi

lowíchih v. to cause (leave, fruits, pine needles) to fall

lowílih v. to fall (of leaves, fruits, nuts, pine needles, etc.) Also: liwílih

M m

ma̱ marker used after a term of address

mahha n. bread pan, dish pan Also: mahka malakho

mahli n. wind

mahli chito n. tornado, big storm syn. abánokfila chito

mahli hanóki n. tornado, whirlwind syn. abánokfila

Mahli hashi n. Wind month (March)

mahli ikbi n. fan

mahlih v. to blow (of wind), be windy

mak determiner that, when followed by certain words mak báno determiner that alone mak kiya determiner that too mak máko̱ determiner that one also (object form), even that one dem. any of it, at all This meaning is found in negative sentences see mak másh mak másh determiner that one too (subject form) see mak máko̱

mak báno determiner that alone mak

mak fi̱hna ka̱ phrase that particular (time, person, etc.) fíhnah very

mak fi̱hnahma̱ phrase at once, suddenly fíhnah very

mak fokáli ka̱ phrase at about that time, about then

mak kiya determiner that too mak

mak máko̱ determiner that one also (object form), even that one dem. any of it, at all This meaning is found in negative sentences mak see mak másh mak

mak másh determiner that one too (subject form) mak see mak máko̱ mak

makáchih v. to say (something) syn. áchih áh makah i̱ makáchih v. to say (something) to (someone), tell (someone) makáha̱chi v. to keep saying

makah v. to say (something) syn. makáchih

makah interj. that's all (I have to say)

makáha̱chi v. to keep saying from makáchih

makáshi̱nih adj. the same thing Also: makásh i̱li maki̱lih

makillah determiner, pronoun to be just that, only that, only those that’s all, that’s it, that’s enough illah only Also: makalla

makohmat and then, so then

malahta n. lightning Also: malatha

malahtah v. to flash (of lightning)

malassa n. saucer

mala̱ta n. a shiny thing like a crystal or gem Also: ná mala̱ta

mala̱tah v. shiny, bright, sparkling Also: mala̱toh

mala̱tochih v. to shine, make sparkle Also: mala̱tachih

malhallih v. to startle see noklhaka̱chah to be startled

malhlhih v. to certainly be, indeed, surely, definitely see hihmalhlhih

mano dem. that (modifying an object that is topical) pro. that one, him, her (used for an object that is also topical) pro. there (as a topical location)

masáli n. healing

masálichih v. to heal (someone) Also: masáchih

masálih v. to be healed (of a sore, a person, etc.), well

másh pro. that one, previously mentioned

-másh n. suffix even

mashílih v. to clear up (of clouds, weather, etc.)

Mashkóki n. Muscogee (Creek)

mashlichih v. to winnow, hull, remove the outer layer (of corn)

maskoki n. muscovy duck

mastat n. mustard Also: mastit < English

mato dem. that (modifying a subject that is also topical) pro. that one, he, she (as a subject that is also topical)

máya v. be:pl

ma̱yah v. to be (in a place, of three or more people or animals), exist, stay, live to be (in a place doing something, of three or more) see a̱shwah exist (of two) from ashwah a̱ttah exist (of one) from attah i̱ ma̱yah v. to have (three or more children, animals, etc.)

mayyah v. to be going, be coming syn. á mi̱tih Also: mayah

míchi v. to do (lengthened form) from mihchih do

mi̱chih v. to do (repeatedly) from mihchih do

miháchih v. to criticize, put down, insult, verbally bully

mihah v. older word to instruct, set right to promise refer:to i̱ mihah v. to tell (someone to do or not do something), give (someone) a rule, a talking to

mihayyoka adj. selected, different, assorted (of things, places, etc.)

mihchichih v. to cause to do from mihchih do

mihchih v. to do (something) Also: michchih michih mitchih á mihchih v. to do for (someone) míchi v. to do (lengthened form) mi̱chih v. to do (repeatedly) mihchichih v. to cause to do

mihi̱tih v. to be coming (slowly, still, gradually) from mítih

mihma̱ pro. that way see pomma this way

mi̱ko n. chief, king comp. Aba Mi̱ko aba

mi̱ko chito n. president

Mi̱ko Chito I̱ Nittak n. President’s Day

millin n. million syn. talhípa sipokni bát talhípa sipokni

minit n. minute

mi̱sa n. older word scar

misha post. beyond, further over there Also: mihshash

misha pillah adv. even further, way over there

mishíhma post. a little further, just over there

mishi̱hmah v. to move a little further, move over

mishsha v. two (days, months, years, etc.) before or after now mishshakma̱ n. the day after tomorrow syn. onna o̱t onnah mishshásh n. the day before yesterday Also: mishsha yásh

mishshakma̱ n. the day after tomorrow from mishsha -kma̱

mishshásh n. the day before yesterday mishsha Also: mishsha yásh

mishsho̱hah v. to scrub

mitáfah v. to bleed mitaha̱fah v. to be bleeding (continuously)

mitaffih v. to make bleed

mitaha̱fah v. to be bleeding (continuously) from mitáfah bleed

mitahchih v. to make bleed (in more than one place)

mitahlih v. to bleed in more than one place

mítih v. to come ámíti v. originating from, coming from, being from (a place) mihi̱tih v. to be coming (slowly, still, gradually) mi̱tih v. to be coming, come loc á mi̱tih á awa̱t mi̱tih v. to come with (someone) o̱ mi̱tih v. to come toward (someone)

mi̱tih v. to be coming, come from mítih á mi̱tih awa̱t mi̱tih o̱ mi̱tih

miyah v. to say (something reported) hihmiyah interj. so it’s said

miyah interj. Go on!

mochoklih v. to wink Also: mishoklih moshmoshlih

mokáfah v. to try hard, go all in

mokka̱hah v. to beat on (with an instrument like a whip or stick) syn. shotta̱hah to tenderize (meat), pound

mokófah v. to let go of (something) i̱ mokófah v. to have (something) slip away from (someone), get away from (someone) to concede, give up

mokoffih v. to let go of, release, turn loose syn. hokoffih hoyablih

mómah v. to still be (doing something, in a state), keep (doing something) (not) to be anymore (in a negative sentence), (not) still

mo̱mah v. to be all, every (person, etc.), the whole (tribe, etc.) kanimma mo̱mah everywhere mo̱mat being all, everyone, the whole (tribe, etc.) When Also: mo̱t moyyómah v. to be all (of a large group), every moyyót phrase being all of them nána mo̱mah everything okla mo̱mah everyone yakni mo̱mah n. the whole world, all over the world

mo̱mah chohmih v. to be generally, almost all, most

mo̱mat being all, everyone, the whole (tribe, etc.) When mo̱mah be all Also: mo̱t

mómi̱chih v. to do all, every one, to the whole (tribe, etc.) Also: móma̱chih mómi̱chit doing all, every one, to the whole (group, tribe, etc.) When Also: mómi̱t

mómi̱chit doing all, every one, to the whole (group, tribe, etc.) When mómi̱chih completely Also: mómi̱t

moshi n. uncle Also: óshi

moshlih v. to blink, twinkle (of lights, stars, etc.)

moshólichih v. to turn off, put out (a light, a fire, etc.) Also: moshóchih see issachih

moshólih v. to go out, be out, be off (of lights, fire etc.)

moyyómah v. to be all (of a large group), every from mo̱mah be all moyyót

moyyót phrase being all of them from moyyómah every from mo̱mah

N n

na conj. and used after a verb and before a time expression, to show how long a certain action lasted see hina hina shohbih

ná particle negative

ná alhkoha n. shapes Also: nán alhkoha

ná alhpowa n. animal (tame or domesticated) Also: ná powa animal also nán alhpowa see ná nokshópa

ná alhpowa áyásha áto̱ksali n. newer word wildlife officer

ná anóli n. story someone who tells things: tattle-tale ná Variant of nána

ná ánonáchi stove syn. áhopóni

ná asilhlha n. a prayer, request for assistance Also: ná alhissa

ná baláli n. person or thing that crawls: reptiles, babies, etc.

ná balalli n. something that crawls: vine, root

ná baláma n. something that smells good: perfume, air freshener, fragrance

ná balíli n. car, automobile, vehicle syn. hina chanalli hina chanalli káh káh ná chanalli

ná balíli ayiska n. auto mechanic syn. káh ayiska

ná balíli im okchi n. gasoline, fuel okchi

ná chanalli n. vehicle, car, automobile

ná cha̱poli n. candy, dessert

ná chini n. whatchamacallit, thingamajig

ná fíhna n. a headstrong person, a hard-headed person, someone who thinks that they are ’all that’, someone who is proud of themselves, stubborn from ná Variant of nána fíhnah very

ná fokka n. clothes, clothing syn. ilífokka ilokka

ná fokka áyalhto n. container for clothes: laundry basket, dresser drawer, etc. syn. ilífokka áyalhto Also: ná lokka áyalhto

ná habínachi n. benefactor, gift-giver, donor

ná halbina n. gift, commodities Also: ná habína

ná hishi n. fur, body hair

ná hokchi n. one who plants things: gardener

ná ho̱kopa n. one who steals things: thief, bandit, robber

ná holábi n. liar

ná holba n. photograph, picture

ná hollokchi n. plant, vegetable (something planted)

ná homi n. something spicy, peppery

ná honni n. something boiled: stewed food, etc.

ná honni okchi

ná i̱ hollo phrase to be stingy with things Also: nán i̱ holloh

ná ikbi n. one who makes things: a maker, builder, carpenter Also: nán ikbi

ná im ábachi n. teacher, coach ná Variant of nána Chahtanno̱pa im ábachi

ná ishko n. drink, beverage see nán ishko

ná ishko ásho̱ka n. beverage straw Also: ásho̱ka drinking straw isht sho̱ka

ná isht akostiníchi n. comprehension activity

ná isht balámachi n. air freshener balámachih

ná isht ikóno n. something improper: trouble

ná isht shímachi n. things to adorn with, such as decorations, make-up, jewelry, etc.

ná isht to̱ksali n. tool

ná ittatoba n. trader

ná ka̱chi n. a seller, vendor

ná kani pila n. something to throw away: trash

ná kosóma n. onion syn. shachonna

ná lha̱fa n. a line (drawn or marked)

ná lhiláfa n. something torn: rag from ná Variant of nána lhiláfah

ná losa chito n. something dark and big (a supernatural Choctaw being)

ná mihiksho patience syn. ná nokta̱la

ná miya n. a promise

ná nokshópa n. wild animal Also: ná alhpowa nokshópa see ná alhpowa

ná nokshópa áyásha zoo

ná nokta̱la n. patience, calm, temperance syn. ná mihiksho

ná oka pakna balíli n. something running on top of the water: boat

ná okpani n. someone or something that breaks things

ná ola n. something that makes a sound: bell, radio, musical instrument, etc. music a noise Also: nán ola

ná oláchi n. something that plays music: radio, audio player, etc.

ná oláchih v. to play music

ná paka̱li n. something that blooms: flower, plant

ná paka̱li áfokka n. flower pot

ná paka̱li alhpowa n. domesticated flower: rose see kati a̱cho ná paka̱li homma

ná paka̱li áyokli n. lily

ná paka̱li homma n. red flower: rose see kati a̱cho ná paka̱li alhpowa

ná palammi n. suffering

ná pallammi n. great suffering

ná patalhpo n. rug, mat

ná pisa im ahwah idiom to seem to see something unreal (vision, hallucination, spirit)

ná ponaklo n. a question Also: ná panaklo

ná powa chokka ma̱ya n. house pets

ná powa hilha n. animal dances

ná takchi n. police officer, cop syn. hattak hokli hattak hokli ná yokáchi Also: ná talakchi

ná tali balíli n. something running on metal: train

ná tanna n. something woven: material, fabric

ná tohbichi n. bleach

ná tokwisíli sugar

ná wáyachi n. grower, farmer syn. osápa to̱ksali

ná wáyachih v. to plant (plants, crops, trees)

ná wíki n. something heavy: weight, burden

ná yimmi n. beliefs believer

ná yoka n. prisoner

ná yoka yósh while incarcerated

ná yokáchi n. police officer syn. hattak hokli ná takchi

ná yokáchi ibbak fokka n. handcuffs

ná yokpa n. happiness a smile pride Also: ná yoppa

ná yokpah v. to be happy, glad, proud syn. yokpah Also: ná yoppah

ná yópisa n. exhibit, exhibition, exhibition booth

ná yópola n. a joke Also: ná yoppola

náha adv. almost

nahollo n. white person, European settlers also náhollo

Nahollo n. English language syn. Nahollo anno̱pa Nahollo im anno̱pa

Nahollo anno̱pa n. English language also Náhollo anno̱pa

Nahollo im anno̱pa n. English language Also: náhollo im anno̱pa

nahollo ohóyo n. white woman

nakfi n. brother (of a woman)

nakfish n. younger brother (of a man), younger sister (of a woman)

nakfish achaffa n. cousin

Nakfish Nittak n. Saturday also Nittak Hollo Nakfish Nittak

nakfish tobah

naki n. bullet, arrow, arrowhead

naki lohmi n. hide-the-bullet (a game)

nakishowána n. catfish Also: nakshowa nakshowána nani shawana nanishowána

nakni n. male boyfriend, man aka̱k nakni n. rooster alla nakni n. boy

nakni himitta n. young boy (probably a teen)

naknichih v. to strengthen someone

naknih v. to be strong

naksi n. rib

naksika n. somewhere, somewhere else another

naksi̱ka post. close by

naksis n. branch, limb (of a tree) Also: naksish

nalhah v. to be shot, stung

nalhlhih v. to shoot and hit, sting, give a shot, inject

nán á hollokchi n. garden from hokchih

nán áhonni n. boiling pot

nán akallochi n. canned goods

nán alhpisa n. law, rule, judgement, commandment

nán alhpísa n. the right thing nán Variant of nána

nán alhpisa ikbi n. judge

nán apa n. food

nán asháchi cupboard, cabinet syn. áyishko áyasháchi

nán áyacho̱li n. sewing machine nán Variant of nána acho̱lih sew

nán i̱la something else nána something Also: ná i̱la

nán illi n. something dead, roadkill

nán im ábachi teacher, trainer, coach

nán ishko n. something to drink: a drink, beverage see ná ishko

nán isht acho̱li n. sewing machine

nán isht akmo n. an adhesive syn. isht akmochi

nán isht apísa n. tool to measure something: ruler, etc.

nán isht i̱cho̱li n. something to write with: pen, pencil, writing implement, etc. syn. isht i̱cho̱li

nán isht ittilawwichi n. a level (carpenter’s tool)

nán isht kobáchi n. pliers

nán isht talakchi n. rope, bungee cord

nán isht tiwwi n. can opener

nána n. something, thing anything, everything (not) anything, nothing (in a negative sentence) what (in a question within another sentence) Also: na̱nah Also: ná na̱ nán nán i̱la something else Also: ná i̱la nána kiya anything (with a negative) Also: nánakiya nána kiyoh indefinite it’s nothing, it isn’t anything, it’s no problem Also: náni kíyoh

nána whether

nána alhpisa i̱ chokka n. court of law

nána kiya anything (with a negative) nána something Also: nánakiya

nána kiyoh indefinite it’s nothing, it isn’t anything, it’s no problem from nána something Also: náni kíyoh

nána mako̱ everything (object form) Also: nána ma̱ko̱

nána mo̱mah everything mo̱mah be all

nanablih v. to swallow Also: nallih

nánaho̱ indefinite whatever

nánakma̱ indefinite anything

nani n. fish

nani apa n. water snake

nani chito n. big fish: shark, whale, dolphin

nani chito okhata áyásha n. whale

nani hakshop n. fish scales

nani hokli n. fisherman

nani hoyoh v. to fish syn. nani i̱ takáchih

nani i̱ chokka n. fish bowl, fish tank

nani i̱ po̱sa n. sucker

nani i̱ takáchih v. to fish

nani isht ittiyalbi n. fish hook

nani isht tabli n. fish hook syn. ishtakáchi nani isht ittiyalbi

nani kallo n. gar fish, including alligator gar and longnose gar Atractosteus spatula, Lepisosteus osseus Also: nani hakshop kallo

nani kishína n. older word buffalo fish Ictiobus sp. Also: nani yanash

nani oshi n. minnow syn. hakso̱tála Also: nanoshi nanoshik

nani patassa n. bream patassa homma n. redbreast sunfish, redbelly fish Lepomis auritus patassa tohbi n. white perch Morone americana

nani sanihchi n. fish fin

nani takkon n. appaloosa, mudcat, flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris

nanih n. hill

Nanih Waiya n. Nanih Waiya Also: Nanih Wayya

nánihchih v. to do something

nánihmih v. for something (indefinite) to happen

nánihmina indefinite why, the reason (for something)

nánikiyoh v. All right, okay

nánit indefinite to (not) be able (to do something), being some way

na̱nit attat adv. finally syn. pola̱ka

nánokáchih indefinite to say something see nátokáchih

nánokah v. to say, tell (something), what (someone) says (used within another sentence) see nátokah

nánomih v. for something (indefinite) to happen some kind of, any kind of

nápowa chokka a̱tta n. pet

nashóba n. wolf

nashóba holba n. coyote syn. ofi holba nokshópa

nashshoka n. face Also: nishshoka inashshoka n. her/his/its face

nashshoka ishit kashólichi n. face towel

na̱ski n. handkerchief, bandanna Also: ná tanna tapaski na̱taski

na̱ski inno̱chi n. scarf, neckerchief, ascot

nátah int. what, what kind of Also: na̱tah

nátáko̱ int. older word who

nátihmina int. older word why see nátína why

nátihmish int. why

nátiho̱ indefinite why

nátína int. why syn. katína see nátihmina

nátokáchih int. what does (something) say see nánokáchih

nátokah int. to say what, mean what, to sound what see nánokah

nihi n. seed, grain, kernel

ninak n. night

ninak ásh n. last night Also: ninakásh

ninak a̱ya sho̱shi n. moth see hattak ishkish moth

ninak hopáki n. deep into the night

ninak iklanna n. midnight

ninak iklanna o̱t iya n. after midnight

nini isht okwihli n. fishing net

nipi n. meat, flesh

nipi alhposha n. older word roasted meat

nipi ano̱ka holbattoba n. newer word x-ray

nipi bosholli n. obsolete sausage crumbles

nipi halalli n. cramp

nishkin n. eye

nishkin aláta n. eyeglasses

nishkin hakshop n. eyelid syn. nishkin ittiyalbi

nishkin haksi n. a lazy eye

nishkin hishi n. eyelashes syn. nishkin sali̱hchi

nishkin im alikchi n. eye doctor, optometrist

nishkin ittiyalbi n. eyelid

nishkin ittiyópitammih v. to be crossed (of both eyes)

nishkin okchi n. tear, tears okchi

nishkin sali̱hchi n. eyelashes Also: nishkin shali̱kchi nishkin shili̱hchi

nishkin shanáya v. an eye crossed or turned to the side

nishkin takáli n. eyeglasses, glasses syn. nishkin aláta

nita n. bear

nita abi n. bear trapper, bear hunter syn. nita yokáchi

nita hakshop n. bear skin

nita tohbi n. polar bear

nita yokáchi n. bear trapper

nittak n. day

nittak alhíha n. days, days of the week

nittak ayyoka ka̱ phrase every day

nittak ayyokáli ka̱ phrase every day day after day

Nittak Hollo n. Sunday also Nittak Hollo Nittak

Nittak Hollo Chito n. Christmas

nittak o̱t atoklakma̱ the next day

nitta̱kih n. daylight

níya n. fat syn. bila comp. pishokchi pakna níya cream pishokchi

níyachih v. to fatten yakni níyachih v. to fertilize

níyah v. to be fat

-nna v. tense suffix do not (do something, as a command)

nochi n. Eastern whorled milkweed Asclepias verticillata

nochi chito n. hemp Cannabis sativa

nokábalíli n. track (for running) Also: áyo̱balíli

nokbikílih v. to have heartburn, to have something stuck in the throat, to burp syn. noktakálih

nokcha̱wah v. to growl (as the stomach)

nokfikówah v. to hiccup Also: chokfokówah

nokha̱klo n. sadness

nokha̱kloh v. to be sad, sorry i̱ nokha̱kloh v. to feel sorry for (someone), take pity on, mourn with This verb can have either kind of subject agreement, possibly with a subtle difference of meaning.

noklhaka̱cha n. a surprise

noklhaka̱chah v. to be startled, surprised, scared, amazed see malhallih to startle

noklhaka̱shlih v. to startle, scare, surprise

nokówa adj. angry, mad

nokówachih v. to anger, make mad

nokówah v. to be angry, mad i̱ nokówah v. to be mad at (someone) i̱ noko̱wah v. to be mad at, angry at (nasal form)

nokshi̱fah v. to have a hoarse throat, have laryngitis

nokshilah n. to get a dry throat or mouth

nokshini̱fah v. to have asthma, throat blocked, be hanging

nokshoblih v. to frighten, scare

nokshópa n. fear, timidity

nokshópah v. to be scared, frightened, afraid to be afraid (to do something) to be wild (of animals that are not domesticated) i̱ nokshópah ik nokshópo ik nokshópo ik nokshópoh

noksitílih v. to strangle with rope, cord, etc.

noktakálih v. to be stuck in the throat syn. nokbikílih

nokta̱la n. peace

nokta̱lah v. to be calm, peaceful syn. polhatah

noktalha n. jealousy

noktalhah v. to be jealous i̱ noktalhah v. to be jealous of (someone)

nokti̱fah v. to be hanged, wrung by the neck

nokti̱ffih v. to hang (execute), wring (a neck), strangle

noktimíkachih v. to beat (of the heart)

nokwiya n. anxiety

nokwiyah v. to be timid, nervous, anxious i̱ nokwiyah v. to be nervous for (someone), be nervous about (someone) ik nokwíyo v. to be unafraid, be without fear syn. ik nokshópoh neg. of nokshópah

nonáchih v. to cook (food), bake (food, pottery, etc.)

nonah v. to be cooked (of a food), baked to ripen (of a fruit or vegetable)

nosapi n. red oak Quercus rubra pin oak Quercus palustris Also: nosi api

noshkobo n. head Also: nishkobo

noshkobo takálichit ola haklo n. newer word headphones see haksobish takálichit ola haklo

noshkobóka n. boss, supervisor, the head, chief, chairperson Also: nishkobóka

nosi n. acorn

nosi iskiti̱ni n. nap

nosi lakna api n. black oak Quercus velutina

nosi onah n. bedtime, sleep time

nosíchi n. sleep aid, sleep medicine

nosíchih v. to put to sleep, hypnotize syn. im oklhilíchih isht nosíchih v. to put to sleep by (doing something)

nosih v. to sleep

nosíka n. dream

nosíkah v. to dream i̱ nosíkah v. to dream of (something) v. to dream about

nota post. under

notáka post. the place underneath, beneath, below Also: nota̱ka

notakfa n. chin, jaw Also: notakfa wishakchi

notakfa shatáli n. mumps

notakfish n. beard notakfa hishi

noti n. tooth Also: niti innoti n. her/his/its tooth

noti áhiyohli n. gums (of the mouth)

noti ayiska alikchi n. dentist syn. noti im alikchi

noti fotohli n. dental drill

noti haloppa n. fang, sharp tooth

noti im alikchi n. dentist

noti im alikchi apílachi n. dental assistant

noti isht achífa n. toothpaste

nówachih v. to make walk, take for a walk

nówah v. to walk to go (do something) comp. attat nówah attah hoyot nówah v. to look for, search for, pick up (passengers, etc.) i̱ nówah v. to visit ittanówah v. to do (something) together to go around together, walk together visit ittanoho̱wah v. to keep going, walking nówat ittanoho̱wah v. to walk around together

nówat á folótah v. to walk around (an obstacle) folótah turn

nówat alah v. to walk here alah of one

nówat folótah v. to walk around (in a park, casino, etc.) folótah turn

nówat ittanoho̱wah v. to walk around together ittanoho̱wah from ittanówah

nówat lhopollih v. to walk through (a house, etc.) lhopollih

nówat onah v. to walk there onah of one

O o

-o v. suffix neg Also: -o

o̱ focused object marker appearing after a noun (often indicating that the noun is being contrasted with something else) Also: yo̱

o̱- v. prefix on

-o̱ v. comp:sr suffix comp:ds

-o̱ v. suffix foc:ds n. suffix foc:ac

-o̱ v. suffix q

o̱ binílih v. to sit on (of one) to ride (a horse, bicycle, etc., of one) from binílih of one

o̱ chokoshpah v. to gossip about (somebody) chokoshpah see isht chokoshpah chokoshpah

o̱ fíhnah v. to boss around, bully

o híyo̱ interj. oh yeah, oh really Also: híyo̱ o hího̱

o̱ holábih v. to lie about (someone) holábih

o̱ mi̱tih v. to come toward (someone) mi̱tih from mítih

o̱ paláchih v. to shine (a light) on

o̱ tahpalah v. to yell at tahpalah Also: o̱ tappalah

o̱ba n. rain

o̱bah v. to rain

o̱bi n. pawpaw

o̱bi api pawpaw tree

o̱bitípah v. to put weight on, lean on (something)

óchih v. to draw (water from a well, spring, etc.)

o̱chilítah v. to get mad at (someone)

offoh v. to grow (of plants) Also: okfoh

offowah v. grow

offowat mi̱tih v. to sprout, come up (of new plants)

ofi n. dog

ofi haksobis faláya n. hound dog

ofi holba nokshópa n. newer word coyote syn. nashóba holba

ofi nokówa n. mean dog (a pitbull, etc.)

ofko n. threshing basket

ofkochih v. to sift

ofkoh v. to be sifted isht ofkoh v. older word to fan (corn, etc.), sift (corn, etc.) In older Choctaw, this word applied to the method of fanning corn to separate the grain from debris. In modern Choctaw, this verb is sometimes used for sifting as well as for fanning.

ofo̱lo n. eastern screech owl

ofo̱sik n. puppy

ohmih v. to be like, similar to ohmih ósh doing just like yohmih v. to happen to be a certain way, be like that, be so yohmihmat v. when that happened, after that (continuing the same subject) yohmit being like that, being so Also: yót yoho̱hmih v. to keep happening Also: yoho̱mih

ohmih ósh doing just like ohmih

ohóyo n. woman Also: ohó

ohóyo alhtakla n. older word a bereaved woman, widow syn. i̱ hattak kaníya ohóyo i̱ hattak illi

ohóyo himitta n. young woman

ohóyo i̱ hattak illi n. widow Also: i̱ hattak illi widow

ohóyo mi̱ko n. female chief

ohóyo mi̱ko himitta n. princess

ohpoloh

oka n. water, liquid okassa cold water okatápah okattolah

-oka̱ v. suffix (that) is, (what) is

oka ábichíli n. water faucet, water fountain syn. oka áchaffichi Also: oka ábicha

oka áchaffichi n. water faucet

oka áwishíta n. where the water comes out: sprinkler, etc.

oka áyanalli n. a place where water flows: a channel, stream

oka áyillih v. to drown, die in the water Also: okok aíllih

oka chito n. ocean, sea syn. okhata chito

oka chito alhlhi n. edge of the sea: shore, coast

oka chito lapálika n. newer word beach syn. okalhlhi

oka faláma n. flood, backwater see okchito flood

oka falammi north syn. áfalammi

oka fotóha n. whirlpool Also: okfoyóha

oka hawashko n. newer word vinegar

oka hilóha n. black ironwood

oka homi n. alcohol

Oka Homma n. Red Water

oka i̱ shokha n. newer word hippopotamus

oka issoba n. newer word seahorse

oka mahli n. south Also: okmahli

oka píni n. boat oka píni áhiyohli harbor

oka píni áhiyohli n. harbor, boat harbor oka píni boat

oka píni chito n. ship

oka tonóli n. water spout

okáchalhlhih n. older word the edge of the yard

okáchih v. to dip (in liquid)

okak n. swan

-ókako̱ v. suffix but:ds Also: -ako̱ contrast -kako̱

-ókakósh v. suffix but:ss

okalhlhi n. edge of the water, a beach, shore syn. oka chito lapálika also oka alhlhi

okámichih v. to wash (someone else’s) face

okámih v. to wash the face

okanówah v. older word to walk in or on water, wade

okassa n. cold water, drinking water oka kapassah be cold

-ókat v. suffix therefore

okatápah v. to clog, back up (of a septic tank, etc.) from oka tapah be cut

-ókato v. suffix but

okattaháka n. base or bottom of a hill Also: okattaha

okattolat illit tahah v. to drown illih illi áttola

okbal o̱t iyah v. older word to have diarrhea syn. okfiyah

okboso̱lih v. to frown, pout

okchabáhah v. to be thick (of a liquid)

okchah v. to wake up, awake v. to be awake

okcha̱k n. cantaloupe, melon

okcha̱k holba n. cucumber

okchakalbi n. purple

okchakalbih v. to be purple

okcha̱ki apa n. things that are eaten fresh and raw like lettuce, tomatoes, carrots, etc.

okcha̱kih adj. unripe, green, raw

okchakko n. blue

okchakkochi n. bruise

okchakkochih v. to be bruised

okchakkoh v. to be blue

okcha̱kosi holba n. newer word Osage orange (a kind of tree), bois d'arc

okchalha n. redwinged blackbird, blackbird

okchalha chito n. loon

okcha̱lhi n. shallow water

okchali̱chi n. preservation, salvation savior, rescuer, one who wakes someone up

okchalíchih v. to keep awake, wake (someone) up falammi̱t okchalíchih v. to revive (someone)

okchali̱chih v. to preserve, save from danger, death, damnation, etc.

okchalih v. to wake (someone), awaken (someone or something)

okcha̱losh n. eastern bluebird

okcha̱losh chito n. older word peacock

okchamáli n. green

okchamálih v. to be green

okchawwih v. to be watery, soupy Also: okcha̱wwih

okcha̱yah v. to be alive, living, survive

okchi n. juice, soup, sap ná balíli im okchi n. gasoline, fuel nishkin okchi n. tear, tears

okchi ohmi n. fluid, liquid

okchilábih v. to make a funny face

okchilhólih v. to be wide-eyed

okchilóha n. Carolina wren

okchito n. flood see oka faláma flood

okchitoh v. to flood

okcho̱s n. killdee, killdeer

okfa n. older word valley

okfa̱ya n. splinter

okfa̱yah v. to stick in the flesh of, as a splinter

okfiya n. diarrhea

okfiyáchih v. to cause diarrhea

okfiyah v. to have diarrhea syn. okbal o̱t iyah

okfochosh n. duck

Okfochosh Hilha Duck Dance

okfolosh n. oyster, clam syn. chakla

okfowátachih v. to turn (something) sideways

okfowátah v. to be sideways, go sideways; being sideways passing beside (something), going to the side of, Also: okhowátah

okfowátalih v. to turn (oneself) sideways

okhah v. to take revenge on

okhata n. lake

okhata chito n. ocean, sea syn. oka chito

okhata lapálika n. the shore

okhatosi n. pond syn. hayyip

okhayya̱lih v. older word to be crossed (of the eyes)

okhina n. creek, river (used for travel)

okhina ikbi n. canal, constructed waterway

okhisa n. door Also: okkisa skossa

okhisa hokli hinge syn. okhisa ishtakáli

okhisa ishtakáli n. hinge syn. okhisa hokli

okhi̱sh n. medicine, drugs Also: ikhi̱sh ikshi̱sh ishi̱sh okki̱sh okwi̱sh oshi̱sh

okhi̱sh áka̱chi n. drugstore, pharmacy

okhi̱sh okpolo n. harmful drugs (e.g. methamphetamines, etc.)

okhotoblih v. older word to soak

ókih marker adding certainty: definitely Also: hókih yókih

okishko n. drunk syn. haksi

Okishko Hilha n. Drunk Dance

oki̱tannap n. other side of the water, overseas

okítiya n. afternoon, dusk Also: okbitiya okíyat iya opítiya

okíya n. evening syn. okkiya

okíyah v. to be evening

okkisakshicha̱hli n. screen door

okkiya n. evening syn. okíya Also: okbiya okwiya oppiya

okkiya̱hosih n. almost evening Also: opiyáho̱sih

okkiyáka n. evening Also: opíyaka

okla n. people, people of a group, community, tribe, nation, etc.

okla í we (as a group) Also: oklí

okla mo̱mah everyone mo̱mah be all

oklah preverb marker used before a verb when the subject is plural and animate; plural marker n. they oklah alhíha n. relatives, cousins oklah hash n. you all (as a group) oklah il we (as a group) Also: oklil oklah mo̱mah everyone, all of them oklah moyyómah n. everyone, everybody, all of them (emphasizing every one)

oklah alhíha n. relatives, cousins oklah people

oklah áyásha n. place where people live: community syn. oklámíti Also: okláyásha

oklah áyásha apíláchi n. community helper in a permanent role, such as firefighters, nurses, teachers, etc.

oklah áyi̱pa n. place people eat at: cafeteria

oklah hash n. you all (as a group) oklah people

oklah il we (as a group) oklah people Also: oklil

oklah mo̱mah everyone, all of them oklah people oklah moyyómah

oklah moyyómah n. everyone, everybody, all of them (emphasizing every one) oklah mo̱mah oklah

oklah ti̱kba n. ancestors, first people, forefathers

oklámíti n. place people are originally from, community syn. oklah áyásha

oklhicha̱lih n. older word to be unwashed (of a face)

oklhicho̱lih v. to give an expression of displeasure or disbelief, be wide-eyed

oklhilíchih v. to darken, make dark im oklhilíchih v. to cause (someone) to black out, knock out syn. nosíchih

oklhilih v. to get dark

oklhilíka n. darkness

oklhilíkah v. to be dark

oklhilit iya n. getting dark after sunset, dusk

okliláp poss. pro. theirs

oklito̱lih v. to have a dirty face

okloboshlih v. to dive into (water, a lake, etc.) Also: oklobbih

oklosbi homma adj. maroon, dark reddish, reddish brown

oklosbi hommah v. to be maroon

okloshi n. tribe, nation, people see oksi̱la okloshi i̱la n. a different tribe syn. oksi̱la

okloshi i̱la n. a different tribe from okloshi

okma conj. if

okma nána whatever kind of

okmano̱ marker appearing after a verb and meaning 'if'

okmilashli n. bald-headed

okmisi̱kalih to raise the eyebrows

okmochohlih v. to blink sometimes used with the object nishkin 'eye' from okmochólih Also: okmachohlih

okmochólih v. to blink the eyes (once) Also: okmachólih okmochohlih v. to blink sometimes used with the object nishkin 'eye' Also: okmachohlih

okmoshlih v. to flutter (of the eyes), blink (multiple times) Also: okwishlih

o̱kof n. persimmon Diospyros virginiana

o̱kof api n. persimmon tree Also: o̱kofapi

okokko interj. exclamation at something wrong happening: oh, no! shoot! gosh! syn. kayyih koho si̱lih Also: ko

okpacha̱sih v. older word shallow (of water)

okpal n. older word American lotus, pond lily

okpalálih v. older word to float (of one)

okpala̱lih v. to be afloat

okpaníchih v. to mess things up from okpanih break

okpanih v. to break (a toy, etc.), damage, vandalize Also: oppanih okpaníchih v. to mess things up

okpoloh v. to break, break down, be broken to be bad, spoiled Also: ohpoloh oppoloh

okpolóka v. disabled (of a person, animal), lame

okpolot tahah v. to decay, get run-down alla okpolot taha

oksak n. nut, hickory nut, pecan Also: ossak

oksak alhkomo n. hominy mixed with hickory nuts Also: ossak alháta

oksak api n. hickory tree Also: ossak api

oksak api alhípa alhpoha n. newer word drum rim

oksak fala api n. pecan tree

oksak hohfalóha api n. pecan tree syn. oksak fala api

oksak kapko n. kingnut hickory

oksak tali n. mockernut hickory

oksakina n. snowbird, dark-eyed junco

oksap áfohli n. common nighthawk

okshachóbi n. older word daybreak, a foggy morning

oksha̱klih v. to wink

okshalo̱lih v. older word to be hollow-eyed (after sickness or dehydration) Also: okshilo̱lih

okshammih v. to be hoarse

okshicha̱lih v. to be thin, fine (of cloth) Also: okshichlih

okshikáhachih v. older word to sprinkle (of rain) Also: okshika̱shlih

okshimmi n. mist Also: okshommi

okshimmichih v. to mist from okshimmih

okshimmih v. to mist, sprinkle Also: okshommih okshimmichih v. to mist

okshinilli n. swimmer

okshinillih v. to swim syn. yopih Also: okshililih

oksi̱la n. different tribe, unrelated syn. okloshi i̱la see okloshi

oksi̱lachih v. to alienate, excommunicate

oksi̱ni n. bumblebee Also: oksini osi̱ni

oksop n. older word long or large beads, pony beads Also: oksap

oktablih v. to stop, block (especially a fluid) Also: okhatablih see katablih

oktak n. older word field, prairie

oktapa n. older word dam Also: bóktapa dam

okti n. ice

okti chito n. newer word iceberg, glacier

okti hata n. frost syn. akka kala̱pi hoto̱ti

okti lakchi n. sleet syn. pacháloshsha

okti̱k n. downy woodpecker

oktobolli n. drizzling rain, sprinkling rain

oktobolli oka n. spring (for water)

oktobollichih v. to drizzle, sprinkle from oktobollih

oktobollih v. to drizzle, sprinkle oktobollichih v. to drizzle, sprinkle

oktohbih v. older word to be foggy (especially of thick fog)

oktosha n. snow

oktosha sokko n. newer word blizzard

oktoshah v. to snow

okwakálih v. to emerge

okwichi̱li n. frown

okwichi̱lih v. to frown

okyoha n. sifter (for flour, etc.)

ola n. sound (especially musical sounds, animal sounds)

ola adv. this way, in this direction see ola imma

ola imma n. this way, here (toward speaker) Also: olimma see ola

oláchih v. to make (something) produce a sound, ring (a bell), play (a musical instrument)

olah v. to make a sound (especially musical sounds or animal sounds), play, ring. |1-23-25 Checked example[s] with PNW, PAW

ola̱si adj. nearby, close by

ola̱sih v. to be close by, nearby (of a house, lake, etc.) im ola̱sih v. to be close by to (someone), nearby to

olbal n. back, rear (of a line, group, etc.) a long time back, the old days

olbaláka post. behind syn. a̱shaka Also: okbaláka

omih ex. okay, all right idiom you’re welcome

o̱miláya n. color syn. kaláchi Also: o̱maláya

o̱miláyachih v. to dye, color

omma way over there

onáchih v. to reach, have enough, achieve

onáfa n. winter

onáfa nosi n. hibernation

onáfapi n. fall, autumn

onah v. to arrive there (of one), reach, get to (a place) to reach (a certain age, a certain time, a certain price), be enough, until see áyonah of three or more ittonáchih of two falámat onah v. to come back there (of one), get back there falammi̱t isht onah v. to take (something) back there (of one), bring back there im ónah v. to have enough isht onah v. to get there with (of one), bring there nówat onah v. to walk there

onna n. morning, daybreak, first light

onna ha̱ adv. when it’s tomorrow syn. onnakma̱

onna ninak n. tomorrow night syn. onna okbiya

onna okbiya n. tomorrow night syn. onna ninak Also: onnokbiya onnokkiya onnokpiya

onna o̱t onnah n. day after tomorrow syn. mishshakma̱

onnah v. to dawn, become morning, break (of daylight) to do until morning, do all night

onnahi̱li n. morning

onnahi̱li i̱pa n. breakfast

onna̱hosi n. just before dawn, daybreak, sun up syn. onna̱hi Also: onna̱hi onna̱si

onnakma̱ n. tomorrow syn. onna ha̱

onohchi n. allegation

onohchih v. to convict (someone)

onosh n. rice

onosh losa n. rye

onottóla n. fault, guilt, responsibility, liability

onotto̱lah v. to be guilty, accountable, held responsible

opah n. owl, barred owl

opah hakson n. older word birch tree

opah shilop n. barn owl

o̱poholmo n. cover of (roof, bed, etc.)

o̱poholmoh v. to cover

o̱pohómoh v. to cover (something) Also: o̱pómoh

osápa n. field, farm Also: sápa sápah osáposhi n. small garden

osápa ato̱ksallih v. to farm, garden, work in the field see osápa ikbih

osápa chokka n. field house syn. ka̱chak

osápa ikbi n. newer word someone who plows a field: farmer syn. osápa to̱ksali

osápa ikbih v. newer word to make a field, plow, farm, garden see osápa ato̱ksallih

osápa ittimiklanna n. sharecropping

osápa ittimiklanna to̱ksali n. sharecropping

osápa ná hokchi n. person who plants: planter

osápa tobi n. field peas

osápa to̱ksali n. farmer, gardener syn. ná wáyachi osápa ikbi

osáposhi n. small garden from osápa field

-ósh determiner suffix part contrastive nominative

-ósh v. comp:sr suffix ss

oshan n. otter, river otter

oshi n. son, offspring, egg

oshí tik n. daughter Also: oshítik

oshí tik achaffa n. niece, sister's daughter (of a woman)

Oshta Habli Hilha n. Four Step War Dance

oshtah v. four, to be four

osi ikbih v. to baby (for example, a child)

osíchih v. to make smaller, shrink

osih v. little (of one) pl. osih little chipo̱tah of two or more o̱sih v. to be small, little to be little sg. chipo̱tah of two or more

o̱sih v. to be small, little from osih little from osih little

oskap n. crane (also used for egret, heron, etc.) Also: hoskap oskap tohbi egret

oski n. river cane oski lho̱pa n. blowgun

oski lho̱pa n. blowgun from oski river cane lho̱pa hole

oski lho̱pa ikbi n. blowgun maker

oskola n. cane flute Also: oski lho̱pa ná ola oski ola

oskoloshi n. whistle Also: oskaloshi

oskoshíba n. poke sallet, poke salad, pokeweed syn. koshíba

o̱ssi n. eagle bald eagle

o̱t dir. go and (do something that follows) ant a̱t

o̱t ahchíbat tahahma̱ after a while, later

o̱t alhpísakma̱ adv. when it’s the right time

o̱t átaha n. the end of (an event, a parking lot, etc.)

o̱t binílih v. to go sit binílih of one

o̱t chokwah v. to go into (a house, car, etc., of one), go enter chokwah enter (of one)

o̱t hiki̱yah v. to go and be standing (of one) hikíyah of one

o̱t hi̱lih v. to go and be standing (of two) hílih of two or more

o̱t i̱lat tahah v. to change completely i̱lah be different

o̱t iyah v. to pass by (of one), go by to be past (a certain time) iyah of one see a̱t iyah ph. v. of iyah

o̱t kanohmit tahahma̱ some (days, minutes, etc.) later kanohmih how much

O̱t Onna Nittak n. Monday Also: Nittak Hollo O̱t Onna Nittak

o̱t onnahi̱lih fi̱hnahma̱ early the next day

o̱t onnahma̱ the next day

o̱t tahah v. to have passed away, have died (of a person) to get to the end

o̱t tahahma̱ when it was over, afterward, after that, from then on

o̱t tahli n. graduation, the completion of (a task)

o̱t tahlih v. to finish (a dessert, school, etc.), graduate (from a school)

otapi n. older word chestnut tree

ótih v. to make a fire, to build and start a fire

otofa n. rain shower

o̱tohchínah v. to be eight Also: o̱chínah

O̱toklo n. Seventowns, a small Choctaw settlement area between Conehatta and Standing Pine, also called Pine Bluff. Sometimes also called Seventh town in English.

o̱tokloh v. seven, to be seven

ottanih v. to appear

o̱wakah v. to come up on (someone, especially unexpectedly)

owatta n. hunter

owattah v. to hunt Also: awattah

oyyah v. older word to climb syn. aboyyah

P p

pa dem. here

pa̱cha n. cattail Typha latifolia pa̱ti n. cattail flowerhead

pachalhpali n. garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis

pacháloshsha n. sleet syn. okti lakchi

pacháloshshah v. to sleet

pachi n. pigeon, passenger pigeon

pachi yoshóba n. dove Also: pach yoshóba pachi shoba

paffala n. a welt, lump on the skin from injury

pak dem. pro. here

paka̱li okchamáli n. white wild indigo Baptisia Leucantha

paka̱lih v. to bloom, blossom

pa̱ki n. grape Also: pa̱kki

pa̱ki api n. grape vine

pa̱ki nokshopa n. wild grape, opossum grape Vitis cinerea

pa̱ki sokko n. muscadine Vitis rotundifolia

pakit n. turkey see fakit turkey

pakti n. mushroom

paláchih v. to shine (a light)

palah n. a light, lamp

palah okchi n. kerosene, lamp oil syn. bilokchi

palah o̱poholmo n. lamp shade

palálichih v. to shine brightly

palálih v. to shine (of a lamp, flashlight, torch, etc.) to turn on (a light) v. to turn on a light Also: paláchih

palammi n. hardship, struggle adj. mean, aggressive, tough

palammih v. to be difficult, tough, hard i̱ palammih v. to have a hard time, struggle with (an illness, etc.), suffer, be in labor to want badly, pine for pallammih v. to be tough, hard, difficult (for a long time)

palaska n. biscuit Also: pallaska paska palaska shila n. crackers, dry bread syn. palaska kallo Also: pallaska shila

palaska alwasha n. fry bread, fried dough Also: pallaska alwasha

palaska bosholli n. crumbs Also: pallaska bosholli

palaska cha̱poli n. cake, donuts Also: pallaska cha̱poli paska cha̱poli

palaska cha̱poli chipi̱ta n. cookies Also: pallaska cha̱poli chipi̱ta

palaska kallo n. crackers, hard bread syn. palaska shila Also: pallaska kallo

palaska shila n. crackers, dry bread from palaska shilah dry Also: pallaska shila

palaska shochokwa n. bread, bread loaf Also: pallaska shichokwa paska chokwa

palátah v. to be lonesome i̱ palátah v. to be lonesome for (someone, something), miss (someone, something)

palhallih v. to split (a watermelon, etc.)

palhátah v. to be split (down the middle), split (of a watermelon, etc.)

palhkichih v. to do quickly, hurry

palhkih v. to be fast

palhkit iyah v. to go faster, accelerate

palhlhah v. to split (of wood, bread) Also: palhah

palhlhih v. to split (wood)

pali n. southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans

pallammih v. to be tough, hard, difficult (for a long time) from palammih struggle

pannih v. to braid (hair)

pasáchih v. to slap, clap (once) Also: pasálichih see passa̱hah

pa̱sh falakto n. swallow-tailed kite

pa̱sh tahli n. common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

pa̱sh takchi si̱ti n. Mississippi green watersnake Nerodia cyclopion Also: pa̱shafolhi

pa̱shi n. hair ippa̱shi n. hair (of someone)

pa̱shi ayiska n. hair-do

pa̱shi ayiskachi n. hair dresser

pa̱shi bila n. pomade, hair grease

pa̱shi bonni lapáchi n. bun (of the hair)

pa̱shi holba n. wig, toupee

pa̱shi isht achífa n. shampoo

pa̱shi tablih v. to cut hair

pashólih v. to feel (an object, person) Also: pashohlih poshólih

pa̱shpolih v. to sweep (the floor)

pa̱shpowa n. broom

paska shochokwa towa̱li n. toast, browned bread

paskah v. to make biscuits

passa̱hah v. to clap (hands), spank (repeatedly) see pasáchih

patalhpoh v. to be covered (of a floor)

patálih v. to lay (something) out flat (as the bottom part of a basket), spread

pataspowah adj. to be flat (of two or more) see patassah of one

patassa homma n. redbreast sunfish, redbelly fish Lepomis auritus nani patassa

patassa tohbi n. white perch Morone americana nani patassa

patassah v. to be flat (of one) syn. latassah see pataspowah of two or more

pa̱ti n. cattail flowerhead pa̱cha cattail

patólih v. to touch Also: patóli potólih

pa̱yah v. to call (on the phone), make a call falammi̱t i̱ pa̱yah v. to call (someone) back (as on a phone, or by shouting) i̱ pa̱yah v. to call to (someone), call (someone) by name

pi- v. prefix us, our

pí adv. just Also: pih

pi̱

pí pillah idiom for nothing, for no reason

pichífah v. to be flat (of a tire), flattened (of dough, roadkill)

pichiffih v. to flatten (biscuit dough, clay, etc.)

pihchi n. common sorrel Rumex acetosa

pihi̱sah v. to keep looking at, always watch from pisah see Also: píhi̱sa

pihlíchi n. leader, boss, foreman

pihlíchih v. to take care of, take in (two or more) manage (a group), coach (a team) see iláwílih one

pikayyo n. nickel, five cents French

Pi̱ki Aba Binílih n. Heavenly Father

pilah v. to throw (a ball, stick, etc.) to send (someone) (somewhere) to send (mail, a message, etc.) falammi̱chit pilah v. to throw (a ball, etc.) back i̱ pilah v. to throw (something) to (someone) to send (something) (to someone)

piláshásh n. yesterday

pilífah v. to be pulled up (hanging fabric, curtains, etc.)

piliffih v. to pull up (hanging fabric, a curtain, etc.), raise up

Pilísa I̱ Nittak n. Labor Day

pilísachih v. to make work (in field) pilísah work in field

pilísah v. to work (in the field), pick (in the field), labor pilísachih v. to make work (in field)

pilla n. distance

pillah v. to be far off, away

pim our (used before most nouns) to us, for us (used before verbs)

píni n. boat syn. oka píni train syn. tali píni

píni hika n. airplane syn. aba píni

píni o̱t áhikíya n. train station tali píni train

pisa ayo̱ba kiyoh v. older word to not look good

pisáchih v. to show

pisachokmah v. to be pretty, good-looking ant pisa ayo̱ba kiyoh

pisah v. to look, look at, watch (TV, etc.) to try to (do something) see falámat pisah v. to look again pihi̱sah v. to keep looking at, always watch Also: píhi̱sa pi̱sah v. to see, be looking at

pisah adv. previously

pi̱sah v. to see, be looking at from pisah see

pisat nówah v. to explore, walk around looking

pishíchih v. to nurse (a baby)

pishih v. to drink milk from mother, nurse, suckle

pishnakbánoh just us, by ourselves

pishno pro-form we pro. ours

pishno ak kiya us too, we also -kiya

pishófah v. to be scraped

pishoffih v. to scrape (a knee, elbow, etc.)

pishokchi n. milk pishokchi pakna níya n. cream (on top of milk)

pishokchi áyikbi n. place to make milk: dairy

pishokchi níya n. butter

pishokchi níya homi n. buttermilk

pishokchi níya okchi n. buttermilk syn. pishokchi níya homi pishokchi níya homi pishokchi waláha

pishokchi níya palaska n. cheese

pishokchi pakna níya n. cream (on top of milk) from pishokchi milk pakna top Short form of apakna níya fat

pishokchi palaska n. cheese syn. pishokchi níya palaska

pishokchi waláha n. buttermilk

pisokpoloh v. to be messed up, look beaten up, to be ugly syn. pisa ayo̱ba kiyoh

pist iyah v. to go see (someone), visit iyah of one

pit dir. away, off, towards

pit alhlhih v. duration, to the edge (of something time related) to go up to, to go as far as (the edge of someplace)

pit bohlih v. to place it there bohlih put (one)

pit ittolat iyah idiom to gossip or exaggerate about other people’s business, not let up in spreading a story about someone.

pitchahli n. rat Also: pichahli picháli rat

pi̱ti n. mouse Also: pi̱tti

pitokfi n. field rat

po̱fachih v. to blow (a hunting call), play (a trumpet), honk (a car horn)

po̱fah v. to honk (of a car horn), sound (of a hunting call or musical instrument) with air syn. wóhah wohwah

pofónah v. to beat up

pohchi n. father-in-law ippohchi father-in-law

pohmi adj. like this

pokkóli chakkálih v. ninety, to be ninety

pokkóli oshtah v. forty, to be forty

pokkóli toklo akotcha achaffah v. twenty-one, to be twenty-one

pokkóli toklo akotcha tokloh v. twenty-two, to be twenty-two

pokkólih v. ten, to be ten

pokkólih o̱tohchi̱nah v. eighty, to be eighty

pokkólih o̱tokloh v. seventy, to be seventy

pokni grandmother

pokni sipokni n. great-grandmother

pokóli hannálih v. sixty

pokólih tahlhápih v. fifty, to be fifty

pokólih tohchínah v. thirty, to be thirty

pokólih tokloh v. twenty, to be twenty

pokpokih v. to be spotted

po̱kshi n. swelling, bump (on body)

pola̱ka adv. finally syn. na̱nit attat

polhah v. to be folded, hemmed (of two or more) see polhómah of one

polhatah v. syn. nokta̱lah

polhkash n. trash, garbage, rubbish syn. ná kani pila Also: chopilhkash pilhkash polhkosh

polhkash áyalhto n. trash can

polhlhi n. someone who folds (clothes, flags, etc.)

polhlhih v. to fold (two or more)

polhóllih v. to sparkle (of two or more)

polhómah v. to be folded, hemmed (of one) see polhah be folded (of two or more)

polhommih v. to fold, hem (one)

polhótah v. to spark (of one)

polla adv. necessarily, definitely

pollásih v. to be almost, nearly Also: polásih polla̱sih

pomma pro. this way Also: iláp imma pimma see mihma̱ that way

ponaha̱klo v. to keep asking ponakloh ask Also: panáha̱klo

ponakloh v. to ask (a question) Also: panakloh i̱ ponakloh v. to ask (someone a question), ask (someone to do something) Also: i̱ panakloh ponaha̱klo v. to keep asking Also: panáha̱klo

ponókallo n. cord

ponókamasso n. rope

ponóla n. cotton Also: panóla

ponóla amo n. cotton picker

ponóla i̱ sho̱shi n. weevil

ponóla kallo n. flax

ponóloshi n. thread Also: ponólosi ponóshi

ponóshi sokko n. yarn

poshna̱ya n. owner, caretaker (of an animal)

poshpoki n. soap suds, bubbles

poskos n. little baby (term of endearment)

pótah v. to borrow i̱ pótah v. to lend (to someone) im á pótah v. to borrow from (someone)

potanno adj. envious

S s

sa- v. IIagr prefix my v. IIagr prefix me pro. prefix I am see am- my; to me, for me; from me

sachówah v. to be soft, spongy

sakáchih v. to hit (on back of head) Also: sakálichih

sakákachih v. to knock on (a door), make the sound of knocking

sakka̱hah v. to beat up

sakkih v. to catch up to (someone)

sakli n. bass, trout

saksobáchih v. to be loud (of a person) syn. saksobálih

saksobah v. to be loud (of an action)

saksobálih to be loud (of a person) syn. saksobáchih

sakti n. the bank of a stream or river

saláhachih v. to slow (something) down

saláhah v. to be slow to do something slowly saláhahósh adv. slowly salláhahósh v. very slowly salláhat adv. doing slowly, gradually

saláhahósh adv. slowly saláhah salláhahósh

salakha n. liver Also: shalakha

salbo n. scab

salláhahósh v. very slowly saláhahósh saláhah

salláhat adv. doing slowly, gradually from saláhah

sanihchi n. wing Also: sanahchi

Sapo̱tak Hilha n. Mosquito Dance Also: Shapo̱tak Hilha

shabahki n. oval syn. aka̱koshi holba

shachákachih v. to crackle (like the sound of walking on dry leaves), make a crunching sound

shachonna n. onion syn. hato̱faláya ná kosóma Also: shachonnak

sha̱fah v. to be shaved

sha̱ffih v. to shave to skin (a rabbit, etc.)

shahchih v. to rake

shahlih v. to do a lot, often i̱ shahlih v. to be greater than, more than to be older than (someone) Also: i̱ shaht sha̱hlih v. to always do

sha̱hlih v. to always do from shahlih

shakápah to be noisy

shakba n. arm Also: shahba

shakba áfohoma n. shirt cuff

shakbatína n. bobcat, red lynx Lynx rufus

shakchi n. crawfish Procambarus clarkii Also: shakchi homma

shakchikih n. eastern mud snake Farancia abacura

shakchit tobah idiom to back out (of a situation, a promise, etc.)

shakihpa n. American mink Neovison vison

shakihpa hasi̱bis faláya n. long-tailed weasel Neogale frenata

sha̱kolo n. cypress, bald cypress, swamp cypress Taxodium distichum Also: shákhollo

sha̱kolo itibbi n. cypress knee

shaksha̱pi n. beetle

shalaklak n. goose Also: shilaklak

shalálichih v. to drag

shalálih v. to slide, slither (multiple times or objects) idiom to slide over to (someplace) see shalallih

shalallih v. slide, slither (one time) see shalálih slide:pluractional

sháli n. a carrier alla sháli n. child carrier: school bus iti sháli n. logging truck

sháli adv. always see hihshahli always

shálih v. to carry (in the arms, on a vehicle, etc.) to carry (an unborn child), be pregnant

shalo̱taki n. cricket Also: shilo̱taki

shamáchih v. to put on (jewelry, bracelets, earrings, etc.) shama̱chih v. to be wearing (jewelry)

shama̱chih v. to be wearing (jewelry) from shamáchih

shamalli v. to be stuck dat i̱ shamallichih

shamatti n. dart (for a blowgun) Also: shimatti

shamohlichih v. to stick into (pin cushion, etc)

shanah v. to be twisted, wrung

shanakha n. upper back

shanashbi adj. sticky

shanáyachih v. to cross or make crooked (the eyes, etc.)

shanáyah v. to be sideways, crooked (of an object, etc.) Also: shanáyówah

shannih v. to twist, wring

shanoktakoshi n. groundhog

Shanoktakoshi I̱ Nittak n. Groundhog Day

sha̱pha flag, banner

Sha̱pha I̱ Nittak n. Flag Day

shapo n. hat < French chapeau

shapo kallo n. helmet

shapo wonoksho n. woolen hat

shapólih v. to put on (a hat), wear (a hat)

shapo̱tak n. mosquito Also: sapo̱tak

shatablichih v. to be constipated

shatablih v. to be full (of one) syn. kayyah

shatáli n. swelling (as when someone has arthritis) syn. shofóli Also: shatohli

shatálih v. to swell

shatammichih v. to inflate

shatammih v. to be full (of two or more)

shatanni n. tick Also: shitanni

Shatanni Hilha n. Tick Dance

shatannoshi n. seed tick

shatohpa n. swelling, knot

shatoklih v. to heave (like the belly while panting), breathe hard Also: shotoklih

shatommoh v. to bloat

shawi n. raccoon

shawi hattak n. monkey

shawi hattak chito n. ape, gorilla

Shawi Hilha n. Raccoon Dance

shawwa n. bush Also: shahwa

shiblih v. to stretch (something) peel (cane)? Also: shibbih

shi̱fih v. to pull out (hair)

shikalla n. bead, beadwork

shikalla hota̱pi n. stringing beads

shikalla ikbi n. beadwork maker, beader syn. shikalla isht atta shikalla tana shikallachi

shikalla inno̱chi alhkoháchi n. beaded collar necklace

shikalla inno̱chi mala̱ta n. silver collar necklace

shikalla isht atta n. beadwork maker, beader syn. shikalla ikbi shikalla tana shikallachi

shikalla lo̱bo inno̱chi n. beaded medallion Also: inno̱chi lo̱bo shikalla inno̱chi lo̱bo

shikalla ná isht áyikbi n. beader

shikalla nihi n. seed bead

shikalla tana n. beadwork maker syn. shikalla ikbi shikalla isht atta shikallachi

shikallachi n. beadwork maker, beader syn. shikalla ikbi shikalla isht atta shikalla tana

shikallachih to bead

shíki n. buzzard, vulture

shíki chito n. turkey vulture

shíki fanash n. blueberry, huckleberry Also: shi̱ki fanash

shíki kolófa n. black buzzard syn. shíki tapa

shíki tapa n. syn. shíki kolófa

shíkih foníchi n. whortleberry

shikílih v. to tip-toe (pl)

shikíliklih v. to tip-toe (sg)

shikkiliklik n. American kestrel, sparrowhawk

shila n. drought

shiláchih v. to dry, make (something) dry, cause (something) to dry

shilah v. to be dry idiom skinny, lean shílah v. to be dried up (skinny) (II) comp. hashshok shila hashshok palaska shila palaska

shílah v. to be dried up (skinny) from shilah skinny, lean

shilat tahah v. to dry up

shilílih n. to dry (something)

shillih v. to comb Also: shi̱ffih shi̱fih

shilo̱bish n. spirit shadow

Shilo̱bish Holítopa n. Holy Ghost

shilo̱bish okpolo n. evil spirit

shilokpa n. lungs Also: sholoppa

shilokwa n. toad wart Also: shilokba shilokba

shilop n. ghost

shilop im illi̱pa n. mushroom

shilop im issobah n. praying mantis

shi̱ma n. adornment: make-up, decoration, etc. Also: shíma

shímachih v. to adorn (a dress, etc.), decorate (a Christmas tree, etc.), dress up

shimatti ikbi n. dart maker (for a blow gun)

shimmih v. to make splinters

shimóha n. nightmare

shimo̱hachih v. to numb (the gums, etc.)

shimóhah v. to have a nightmare

shinakka n. upper back between shoulder blades

shinap n. ash tree Also: shanap

shinap holba n. white ash tree

shiníkachih v. to buzz (like bees or locusts)

shinok n. sand

shinok lakchi n. sand slurry lakchi

shinok tilhíli n. mint

shinok yololli n. sarsaparilla Also: akshish lakna

shinówah v. to be wrinkled

shípah v. to be stretched

shippachih v. to go down (of a swelling or fever)

shippah v. to evaporate, dry up to cool down, to get cold to be smaller, to be reduced, to be thinner

shiwíkah v. to come loose

sho̱bala n. cottonwood tree

shobohli n. smoke, fog Also: shobolhi

shobohlichih v. to smoke (meat, etc.)

shobohlih v. to smoke (of a fire, etc.), be smoky Also: shobolhih

shobota n. steam Also: shibota

shobótah v. to be steamy

shochówah v. to crumble

sho̱fah v. to fall out, come off

sho̱ffih v. to take (one thing or pair) off see showílih

shofóli adj. swollen syn. shatáli

shoha̱klih v. to hop, limp Also: shiha̱klih

shohbih v. to do all day, do until evening see hina na

shohmalálih v. to shine, be bright (from above) Also: shommilállih

shokáfah v. to peel off (like paint on a wall)

shokaffih v. to scrape, peel off (bit by bit) see shoklih

sho̱kah v. to inhale (smoke)

shokahlih v. to come off, peel off (of shingles, etc.)

shokálih v. to peel Also: shokáchih

sho̱kani n. ant

sho̱kani hika n. flying ant

sho̱kani homma n. red ant

sho̱kani i̱chokka n. ant hill

shokáni lakna n. house fly (large)

sho̱kani losa n. black ant

shokatti n. frog

shokatti himitta n. bullfrog (young)

shokbo n. blanket

shokcha n. pocket, purse

shokha anno̱pa n. hog tale, story: a traditional Choctaw story, typically involving animal characters Also: shokhanno̱pa

shokha chinísa n. the runt of the litter

shokha hanáli n. ham

shokha nipi n. pork

shokha nipi shila n. bacon, salt pork Also: shokha nipi shilíli

shokhalah adj. light (in weight)

shokka n. pig, hog Also: shokha

shokka nipi n. pork

shokkata n. opossum Also: shokhata

shokko̱hah v. to beat to knock Also: sokko̱hah sokko̱hah

shokkoshi n. pig, piglet Also: shokhoshi

shoklih v. to scrape, peel off (all at once, e.g. paint from a wall) see shokaffih

shokmalálih v. to dawn, break (of dawn)

shokshi n. watermelon, melon

shokshobak n. gourd

shóli n. hug

shólih v. to carry, hold

sho̱lih v. to give birth to

sholókah v. to fuss, grumble, whine, complain

sho̱lolo n. lark (bird)

sholosh n. shoe Also: shilosh

sholosh cháha n. boots

sholosh isht tallakchi n. shoelace

sholosh talakchi n. shoelace

shommaláli n. glare

shommalashlih v. to glisten

shommi n. humidity

shommih v. to be damp, humid syn. lachah

shopik n. choupique, grinnel, bowfin Also: shopi

sho̱shi n. bug, insect, worm, larva comp. chokka ikbi sho̱shi dirt dauber chokka

sho̱shi hakshop n. locust shell

sho̱shi wolhkochi toba n. spanish fly

sho̱shomma n. chigger, red bug Also: sho̱komma red bug

shoti n. pot, kettle

shotik n. sky comp. hattak shotik misha iya astronaut hattak

shotta̱hah v. to beat on, to hit (a person, a punching bag), usually with the fist syn. mokka̱hah

shottolah v. full, bloated, pregnant

showah v. to stink (for example, of a dead thing) syn. kosómah

showílih v. to take off (two or more clothes, braids, etc.) see sho̱ffih ilí showílih v. to take (one’s own clothes) off

sích n. white sage, sage Salvia apiana < English

silhlhih v. to track (of a dog)

si̱lih ex. exclamation at something wrong happening: oh, no! syn. kayyih koho okokko

silik n. silk

silik sho̱shi n. silkworm

sinni n. American sycamore syn. fani ik oyyo Platanus occidentalis

sipoknih v. to be old

sipsi n. American tulip tree, yellow poplar Liriodendron tulipfera

sita n. ribbon

si̱tano̱sa n. black racer snake Coluber constrictor

si̱ti n. snake, serpent

si̱ti basówa n. ribbon snake, type of garter snake Thamnophis saurita

si̱ti hakshop n. snake skin

Si̱ti Hilha n. Snake Dance

si̱ti im alikchi n. dragonfly

si̱ti losa n. black snake, black pinesnake Also: si̱ti lo̱sa si̱ti losah

si̱ti okpolo n. viper

si̱ti pohkol n. eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis getula

si̱ti shawi n. rattlesnake, canebrake or timber Crotalus horridus

si̱tollo n. rattlesnake Also: si̱ti o̱tollo̱ so̱tollo

si̱tollo i̱ chasha n. rattlesnake's rattles

si̱toshi n. a young snake; snake egg

siya immi n. mine (used for family terms), my side (of the family)

siyah phrase I am

siyaksobah v. to be noisy

sokka̱hah v. to beat up (a person)

sokko n. muscadine grape Vitis rotundifolia

sokkochi n. condensation

sokkochih v. to thicken (dough, clay, etc.)

sokkoh v. to be thick (of inanimates)

T t

-t v. tense suffix part

tabaklih v. to be crippled, have legs of uneven length

tabi n. walking cane

tabi átakáli n. crutch

ta̱bla n. drinking glass Also: ta̱pla < English

tablih v. to cut (hair, string, paper, wood, cake, etc.) see tapah be cut taptolih á tablih v. to cut a piece from (cloth, paper, etc.)

tabókolih v. to be noon Also: tákoli noon

tabókowa n. the highest point or middle point of an arch or path

tábolih v. to play stickball

ta̱ch api n. corn cob, corn stalk ta̱chi corn

ta̱ch a̱pi n. ear of corn ta̱chi corn

ta̱chi n. corn Zea maize ta̱ch api n. corn cob, corn stalk ta̱ch a̱pi n. ear of corn ta̱chi bokahli n. popcorn Also: ta̱ch bokahli ta̱sh bokahli ta̱chi hakshop n. corn husk, corn shuck see banáha banáha ta̱sh yammaska

ta̱chi bokahli n. popcorn ta̱chi corn Also: ta̱ch bokahli ta̱sh bokahli

ta̱chi hakshop n. corn husk, corn shuck ta̱chi corn see banáha banáha ta̱sh yammaska

ta̱chi hilo̱ha n. corn on the cob Also: ta̱sh hilo̱ha

ta̱chi holhponi n. hominy syn. ta̱fola

ta̱chi lobóna n. hominy with meat Also: ta̱shlobóna

ta̱chi palaska n. cornbread Also: ta̱chi paska ta̱sh pallaska

ta̱chi poshi n. cornmeal syn. ta̱sh bota Also: ta̱sh poshi

ta̱chi sho̱shi n. corn earworm Helicoverpa zea

ta̱fola n. hominy (stirred and thickened corn) syn. holhponi ta̱chi holhponi

tahah v. to be out of (something), gone, finished (used as a main verb) to be complete, done completely (used after another verb) to finally do something (used with another verb) After some verbs of motion be:dead i̱ tahah v. to be tired, worn out to be out of (something) tayyahah v. to be finished, all gone

tahat iyah v. to be lost (of an object, idea, practice), worn out, going to it's end ph. v. of iyah of one

tahchi n. shoulder ittahchi n. her/his/its/their shoulder

tahchifa n. soap, detergent

tahlhápih v. five, to be five Also: talhlhápih

táhli v. to finish (finally) from tahlih

tahlih v. to finish (something) to finish (doing something) (used with a transitive verb) to do (something) completely to finish i̱ tahlih v. to finish (something of another’s), use up táhli v. to finish (finally) tát ka̱chih v. destroy, demolish, knock down

tahpalah v. to call out, shout, yell i̱ tahpalah v. to call out to (someone), shout to, yell to, yell for (a team) o̱ tahpalah v. to yell at Also: o̱ tappalah

takáchih v. to hang up (a picture, shirt, etc.) to write down (a note, your name, etc.), sign (your name on something) see takólichih (two or more)

takaffih v. to serve, scoop out (food) see taklih

takaka̱lih v. to roam, not stay still

takálih v. to be stuck (of one) see takohlih taka̱lih v. to be hanging (of one), be overhead or above be:hanging:out be:located pl. taka̱lih of one takohma̱yah of three or more i̱ taka̱lih v. to have (one thing that hangs, as a collar) to owe to have a difficult time with, have a hard time with, get involved in someone else’s business, interfere (in something) takkalih v. to stick around, hang around (a place)

taka̱lih v. to be hanging (of one), be overhead or above be:hanging:out be:located takálih pl. taka̱lih of one takálih takohma̱yah of three or more i̱ taka̱lih of one

takbah v. to be bitter

takchih v. to tie (shoelaces, a knot, etc.)

takhollo n. week also nittak hollo

takhollo taha n. weekend

takka̱chih v. to destroy, demolish

takkalih v. to stick around, hang around (a place) from takálih

takkon n. peach, apple

takkon api n. peach tree

takkon chito n. apple

takkon chito api n. apple tree

Takkon hashi n. Peach month (August)

takkon kobish n. pear

takkon kobish api n. pear tree

takkon lakna n. orange (the fruit)

takkon lakna chito n. newer word grapefruit

takkon oshi n. plum

takkon oshi api n. plum tree

takkon walakshi n. peach dumplings, cobbler

takla post. close to, near to (a person, place, etc.), beside

ta̱kla post. going with (someone), accompanying before (a time)

ta̱kla alah v. to come with (someone) alah of one see ta̱kla ittaláchih ittaláchih

ta̱kla a̱ttah v. to stay with (someone) a̱ttah exist (of one) from attah

takla a̱yah v. to be going with (someone) a̱yah be going

ta̱kla ilhkólih v. to go with (someone, of three or more) ilhkólih of three or more see ta̱kla iyah iyah

ta̱kla ittaláchih v. to come with (someone, of two) ittaláchih of two see ta̱kla alah alah

ta̱kla iyah to go with (someone, of one) iyah of one see ta̱kla ilhkólih ilhkólih

ta̱kla o̱t chokwah v. to go in (a house, etc.) with (someone) chokwah enter (of one)

ta̱kla pist iyah v. to go see (someone) with (someone), visit iyah of one

taklah v. be with

takla̱ka post. on side of, alongside

taklholálih v. to yell, holler, cheer Also: taklhalah

taklih v. to serve (food or drink), dish up see takaffih i̱ taklih v. to serve (food or drink) to (someone), dish up for

takófah v. to be knocked off

takoffih v. to knock off

takohlih v. to hang out together (of two) see takálih tako̱hlih v. to be hanging (of two) Also: tako̱nih see takohma̱yah of three or more

tako̱hlih v. to be hanging (of two) takohlih see takohma̱yah of three or more Also: tako̱nih

takohma̱yah v. to be hanging (of three or more) v. to be on the internet, be on a computer (of three or more) v. to be doing (something in motion) idiom to be hanging out together (of three or more) see tako̱hlih of two takohlih pl. taka̱lih of one takálih takohma̱yah of three or more

takóláho̱si n. before noon

tákoli o̱t iya n. afternoon

tákoli takla n. before noon

takólichih v. to hang up (two or more) to write (more than one thing) Also: takohchih see takáchih one

takossa n. black, African American

takshi n. root of a tree

takshih v. to be shy, bashful syn. kalakshih i̱ takshih v. to be shy of (other people), bashful around (someone)

találih v. to set down (one cup, plate, basket, an object with a base) see talohlih two or more

taláyah v. to sit (of one thing with a base such as a cup, plate, basket, etc.) sg. talohma̱ya taláyah tala̱yah v. to be sitting, set, set down (of one thing with a base such as a cup, plate, basket, etc.) be:located

tala̱yah v. to be sitting, set, set down (of one thing with a base such as a cup, plate, basket, etc.) be:located taláyah

talayya adj. setting (of a natural feature such as a body of water )

talbal n. double-weave basket

talháko n. juvenile bald eagle, gray eagle

talhípa n. hundred (usually followed by a number) v. one hundred

talhípa sipokni n. thousand (usually followed by a number) v. one thousand v. ten thousand v. one hundred thousand

talhípa sipokni bát talhípa sipokni n. million (thousand times a thousand)

talhko n. leather, hide (of an animal)

talhko hata n. light-colored leather

talhoffih v. to dislocate (one’s arm, etc.) see ittalho̱fah

talho̱wa n. poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans

talhpakka n. eastern prickly pear Opuntia humifusa

tali n. stone, rock, metal

tali áyano̱poli n. telephone Also: tali anno̱pa

tali ayi̱cho̱li n. typewriter

tali bachóha n. bars (of metal)

tali chamáhachi n. bell syn. isht chamáhachi Also: tali chamákachi bells

tali chanáha n. washers (round metal) achahpi stone disk syn. tali pila washóha

tali chanalli n. wheelbarrow, rolling transport, vehicle

tali hashi̱tak folóta n. round metal comb syn. hashi̱tak folóta

tali hata n. silver

tali hina n. paved road railroad

tali holissochi n. printer

tali kassa thimble

tali lakna n. gold

tali lo̱bo n. washers (metal rounds)

tali lopi n. computer

tali mala̱to holisso n. aluminum foil

tali patalhpo n. pavement, paved road

tali pila washóha n. washers (a kind of game) syn. tali chanáha

tali píni n. train, locomotive syn. ná tali balíli píni píni o̱t áhikíya n. train station

tali tanakbi n. large hook, like on a pulpwood truck

tali tosháfa n. boulder

tali wíki n. heavy metal weights

tallakchih v. to be tied, bound átallakchi n. jail

talohlih v. to set down (two or more objects with bases) Also: talólih see találih one comp. aba talohlih

talohma̱ya v. to be sitting (of multiple things with a base) sg. talohma̱ya taláyah

taloktak n. wood thrush

talóshik n. pebble, small rock

talówa n. song singer, chanter

talówa alhíha n. singers

talówah v. to sing comp. átalówa á

tamáha n. town

tamáha chito n. city

tamáha oshi n. rural community, small town

tamóhah v. to go away, leave, disappear (of two or more) Also: tamówah see kaníyah of one kaníyah of one i̱ tamóhah v. for (several people, things) to be gone from (someone), for (several people, thing) to be lost to (someone)

tanah v. to weave (baskets, pottery, beadwork, etc.) to string (beads) syn. hota̱pih Also: tannih

tanakbichih v. to bend (needles, nails, bendable things), make crooked

tanakbih v. to be bent, crooked syn. chanakbih

tanap n. turnip < English turnip

tana̱p lhabáta n. bow Also: tana̱p lhabáto

tana̱p lhabáta i̱ naki n. arrow

tana̱p lhabáta immi n. archery

tana̱p lhabáta ishi n. archer

tanápo n. gun Also: tanáp tana̱po

tánichih v. to make get up, get (someone) up falammi̱t tánichih v. to raise (someone) back up

tánih v. to get up (from lying position) syn. wakáyah falámat tánih v. to rise again, rise back up (from a fall), get back up

tannap n. the other one i̱ tannap n. the other side of (something), opposite, beyond match, mate, other (of a pair)

tapah v. to be cut off (of hair, string, something long) see tablih taptowah of two or more comp. okatápah

tapaskachih v. to make (something) thin (e.g. when doing woodwork)

tapaski adj. thin

tapaskih v. to be thin (of cloth, cane, etc.) Also: taposkih

taposhshik n. basket

taposhshik lapish n. cornucopia

taposhshik tana n. basket weaver Also: taposhshik ikbi

taptolih v. to cut in pieces (carrots, onions, wood, etc.) to cut (a lot of things) Also: tattoli see tablih

taptowah v. to be cut in pieces, chopped see tapah be cut

tasáhah v. to holler, whoop (once)

tasahlih v. to holler (of several people)

ta̱sh bota n. cornmeal also ta̱chi bota

ta̱sh yammaska n. cornmeal dough see banáha ta̱chi hakshop ta̱chi

tasháláli n. belted kingfisher

tashayyi n. island

tashka n. warrior, soldier

Tashka Kaníya Alhíha I̱ Nittak n. Memorial Day

tashka pihlíchi n. officer (in the military), leader of the soldiers

tashkih v. older word to lie down see ittólah lie down (of one) illi áttola kahah lie down (of two) kahma̱yah lying down (of three or more)

tasi̱bo n. fool, crazy person

tasi̱boh v. to be crazy syn. haksolba

tasso n. dollar bill, dollar Also: táso

tát ka̱chih v. destroy, demolish, knock down from tahlih ka̱chih

tayyahah v. to be finished, all gone from tahah be finished

Tiak Hikíya n. Standing Pine community

tibákachih v. to be crippled, limp, hobble

tibaklih v. to limp

tiballichih v. to miss (shooting something, etc.) i̱ tiballichih v. to make (someone) miss (an appointment, bus, etc.)

tiballih v. to miss i̱ tiballih v. to miss to make a mistake

ti̱fah v. to be pulled out (of one), plucked see tihah of two or more

ti̱ffih v. to pluck out (a hair), pull out (a tooth, etc.) see lhi̱ffih tihlih two or more tihlih two or more

tíh n. tea

tihah v. to be plucked (of two or more), pulled out, come out see ti̱fah of one

tihlih v. to pluck out (feathers, hairs, teeth), pull out see lhi̱ffih ti̱ffih one ti̱ffih one

tík n. female

Tík i̱ hashi n. Women’s month (April)

tika̱bih v. to be tired tíkabit tahah v. to be tired of (doing something)

tíkabit tahah v. to be tired of (doing something) tika̱bih

tikba post. in front of, ahead of, forward, further, beyond n. older sibling

ti̱kba adj. first ancient, former, before syn. cha̱shpo see ammónah be first

tikba hikíyah v. to be in charge (of one)

tikba hiyohlih v. to be in charge (of three or more)

tikba i̱ hikíya n. one who stands in front: leader

tikba i̱ hiyohli n. those who stand in front: leaders

tikba imma adv. forward, toward the front

ti̱kba ka̱ adv. the first time, first of all

tikba takáli n. apron (for cooking, stickball, or traditional attire)

ti̱kbaka̱ adv. first:of:all

tikba̱lih v. to be ahead of time, beforehand

tikchi n. wife syn. im ohoyo

tikchi iksho n. bachelor

tikílih v. to get too close to someone, to antagonize physically to nearly touch or hit

tiko̱chih v. to cut unevenly

ti̱kti n. ivory-billed woodpecker

tilháyah v. to run (of two) see balílih of any number yilhípah of three or more

tilhólih v. to squeeze

tilófah v. to be broken (of an arm, finger, etc.)

tiloffih v. to break (a finger, etc.)

tisháfah v. to be split off or into pieces (of bread, fruit) Also: tosháfah

tishaffih v. to split into pieces (bread, fruit, etc.), split off

tishi homi n. hot pepper (jalapeño, etc.)

tishi homi losa n. black pepper syn. hapi losa

ti̱shkila n. blue jay

tishólih v. to pour (water, sand, etc., usually from a pail), transfer (materials from a container)

tiwah v. to open (of a door, etc.) Also: towwah ti̱wah v. to be open (of a door, etc.)

ti̱wah v. to be open (of a door, etc.) tiwah

tiwákachih idiom to cause a commotion, stir up trouble Also: towákachih

tiwwih v. to open (a door, stove, etc.) Also: tiwih towih towwih towwih ti̱wwih v. to keep (a door) open

ti̱wwih v. to keep (a door) open tiwwih

tiyak n. pine (primarily yellow pine species: loblolly, short leaf, long leaf, and slash) Pinus pinus sp. tiyak ani n. pine cone

tiyak ani n. pine cone from tiyak pine tree ani seed

tiyak bila n. turpentine

tiyak hakshish showa n. Virginia snakeroot Aristolochia serpentaria

tiyak hashtap n. pine straw, fallen pine needles

tiyak hika n. pine sap

tiyak hishi n. pine needles still on the tree

tiyak hishi faláya n. longleaf pine Pinus palustris Also: tiyak fa̱ya

tiyak hishi yoshkolóli n. shortleaf pine Pinus echinata Also: tiyak hobak

tiyak i̱ si̱ti n. eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus

tiyak oshi n. pine sapling

tiyak showa n. Texas snakeroot Aristolochia reticulata

tobáchih v. to turn on (lights, TV, etc.) to light (a candle, lamp)

toba̱chih v. to blister

tobah v. to become (something) to come to be to be on (of a lamp, TV, etc.), running (of an engine) to take (a photo) to turn (a certain age), become (a certain age) á toba adj. made from tóbah v. to become very much, be totally to̱bah v. to be on (of lights, a TV, etc.)

tóbah v. to become very much, be totally tobah become

to̱bah v. to be on (of lights, a TV, etc.) tobah become

tobakli n. flash

tobaksi n. fire coals, embers

tobi n. beans, peas

tobi balalli n. bean vine

tobi bokahlichi n. pinto beans Phaseolus vulgaris

tobi chakassa n. butter beans Phaseolus unatus Also: tobi latassa tobi patassa tobi takissa

tobi chokfi n. speckled peas, speckled variety of southern cowpeas such as Whippoorwill Vigna unguiculata Also: takissa chikchiki tobi shawi̱ha tobi takissa basówa

tobi falóha api n. southern catalpa Catalpa bignonioides Also: tobi holba

tobi hakshop losa n. black beans Phaseolus vulgaris

tobi hollo isht abílha n. garden bush pea

tobi i̱ hiyohli n. pole beans

tobi kobahli n. snap beans, green beans, string beans syn. tobi kowa Phaseolous vulgaris

tobi kowa n. snap beans, green beans, string beans

tobi nishkin homma n. pink-eyed purple hull peas, cowpeas Vigna unguiculata

tobi nishkin losa n. black-eyed peas, cowpeas Vigna unguiculata

tobi shila n. dried peas

tobi tohbi chipi̱ta n. navy beans Phaseolus vulgaris

toblih v. to push (a thing, a person) to persuade (someone to do something), push (someone into doing something), rush (a person into acting) Also: tobbih

tofa n. spit

tofah v. to spit to spit (something) out Also: toffah

toff ex. the end (of a story)

toffa n. summer (season), summertime

toffapi n. spring (season), springtime Also: toffatiya

tohbi adj. white

tohbih v. to be white

tohchínah v. three, to be three Also: tochchínah isht tohchínah v. to be three from (a certain point)

tohfana n. hump on back

tohfanah v. to be hunched (of people, animals), humpbacked

tohi n. older word cabbage

tohnoh v. to ask (someone to do something) to hire Also: tónoh

tohto n. winged elm Ulmus alata

tohwikíli n. light, lamp daybreak, sunrise, first light Also: tokwikíli

tohwikílih v. to be bright, glow, shine Also: tokwikílih shine

-tok v. tense suffix recent past tense Also: -tók

tokáfah v. to explode (of a gun, bullet), fire, go off

tokaffih v. to fire, shoot (a gun)

tokchobi n. dust ashes

tokchobih v. to be dusty

tokcholih v. to tickle Also: chokcholih

-tokla ubd stem both sfx. dual v. ubd stem dual:subj

T t

toklochih v. to double

tokloh v. two, to be two Also: to̱kloh

to̱ksali n. work, job worker

to̱ksalih v. to work (in office, factory, etc.) to work (properly, satisfactorily) (of a thing) to̱ksálih v. to have worked to̱ksa̱lih v. to work a long time

to̱ksálih v. to have worked from to̱ksalih

to̱ksa̱lih v. to work a long time from to̱ksalih

tokshilah v. to be thirsty

tokwi̱shak n. willow tree Also: ittoko̱wisha towi̱shak

tokwisílih v. to be sweet Also: toksílih tokswílih

tolhlhak n. soot

tóli n. ballgame (stickball, baseball, basketball, etc.) ball player

tólih v. to play ball to play (a ballgame) to̱lih v. to play ball (nasal form)

to̱lih v. to play ball (nasal form) from tólih

Tolobli Hilha n. Jump Dance

toloblih v. to jump (once)

tómichi n. sunshine

to̱michih v. to be very sunny, to be shiny from to̱mih Also: hashto̱michih be sunny

to̱mih v. to be sunny Also: tómih to̱michih v. to be very sunny, to be shiny Also: hashto̱michih

tonnik n. fencepost

tonólih v. to spin, turn (of a fan, merry-go-round, etc.), go around

tonollichih v. to roll (something), make spin syn. chanallichih

tonollih v. to tumble (of a person), roll over

topah n. bed syn. ánosi átashki

topah i̱ sho̱shi n. bed bug

-tósh v. suffix pt:ss Also: -tósh

tosháfa n. piece (of something cut or torn off, as bread, paper, meat, etc.)

toshaffih v. to tear off a piece (of bread, fabric, paper, etc.)

tosháli n. splinter, shavings, little pieces (of cane)

toshbih v. to be rotten (like dead wood)

toshólih v. to translate, interpret Also: tishólih

toshówa adj. translated, interpreted

toshówah v. to be translated

to̱shpah v. to hurry

to̱stobi n. Cooper’s hawk, blue hawk Also: to̱sobi

towáchih v. to stir (food, etc.) Also: tiwáchih stir towálichih

towa̱lichih v. to toast (bread), make brown

towa̱lih v. to brown, turn brown, be browned (of bread), toasted Also: toba̱lih

towwa n. ball, stickball Also: towa

towwa ikbi n. stickball maker

towwa isht bóli n. baseball bat

-ttók v. tense suffix remote past tense

ttósh rem:pt:ss Also: ttósh

W w

wahwoli n. eastern whip-poor-will syn. chokkilakbila hachokbila̱kbila Antrostomus vociferus

wák n. cow < Spanish vaca

wák bila n. medicinal ointment, a kind of Choctaw home remedy, used to rub on sores

wák hobak n. steer

wák ishki n. milk cow

wák nakni n. bull

wák nipi n. beef

wák oshi n. calf, young cow Also: wákoshi

wák to̱ksali n. ox, oxen

wák wichílit iyah phrase to go milk a cow

wakáma adj. opened

wakammih v. to open (a book, curtains)

wakáyah v. to rise, arise, get up (from sitting or lying position) syn. tánih

wakchalálih v. to spread the legs

waláhah v. to be spoiled, curdled, infected (meat, milk, blood, etc.) Also: walátah walátah

walakshi n. dumpling (blackberry, chicken, blueberry, etc.)

walhallichih v. to boil (liquid, soups, broth, etc.)

walhallih v. to boil (of water, etc.)

walhánah n. horsefly Also: ohla̱nah walha̱nah yalhánah yolha̱nah

walhpílachih v. to back up (a vehicle, people) Also: walhpilálih

walhpílah v. to go backwards, back up syn. watalhpih

walóhah v. to be fresh, tender (like turnip greens)

walwa n. pit of stomach, hollow of stomach below sternum

walwaki n. greens, fresh vegetables

wanashbi v. older word to be fluffy

wannichih v. to shiver, shake (of animates)

wánota n. yard (around the house) Also: Also: wahnota

wásha n. annual cicada Neotibicen sp.

wáshah v. to buzz (especially of cicada)

washkabi adj. mangy n. mange

washóha n. a sports game

washóhah v. to play to play (a game) Also: washówa

watalhpih v. to move backwards syn. walhpílah

watalhpit ittolah to fall backwards

wato̱lak n. crane, sandhill crane

Wato̱lak hashi n. Crane month (February)

wáwah v. to poop (baby talk)

wáya n. peanuts

wáyachih v. to grow (plants, crops, trees), raise (animals) Also: wáchih

wáyah v. to grow (of plants)

wayyah v. to bend over, lean Also: waiya

wiháchih v. to move (belongings) out of a house

wihah v. to move, relocate, change residence to move to (a place) Also: wíha á wihah v. to move out of, move from wihat iyah v. to move to wihi̱yah v. to move (repeatedly)

wihat a̱yah v. to move around

wihat iyah v. to move to wihah

wihi̱yah v. to move (repeatedly) wihah

wihpolih v. to rob (someone)

wíkichih v. to weigh (a person, package, etc)

wíkih v. to be heavy

wikílih v. to lift (something heavy) syn. aba isht iyah Also: wakílih wokílih

wílih v. to offer, hold up (something) a̱t i̱ wílih v. to come offer (money, etc.) to (someone) i̱ wílih v. to offer (something) to (someone), hand (something) to (someone)

winákachih v. to shake (of the ground, trees, flags, etc.)

winálichih v. to shake (an arm, object, etc.) Also: wináchih

winallih v. to wiggle (like jello), to sway Also: winálih witiklih

wishakchi n. tip, end (of pencil, spear, antler, etc.) Also: washakchih

wishítah v. to spout, spray, sprinkle, stream, flow (with some pressure from a faucet or hose)

wishlichih v. to make squirt, spurt (from a bottle, etc.) i̱ wishlichih v. to milk

wishlih v. to splash, sprinkle, spurt, squirt

wóha n. bark of a dog

wóhachih

wóhah v. to bark, honk (of a horn), to blow (of a horn) syn. po̱fah wohwah

wohlichi v. to make (a dog) bark at (something)

wohwah v. to bark, howl syn. po̱fah wóhah Also: wohwóhah

wolhko n. blister, callous

wolhkochih v. to blister (feet, hands) wolhkoh

wolhkoh v. to blister (of feet, hands) wolhkochih v. to blister (feet, hands)

wonoksho n. wool, fuzzy beard,

wonokshoh v. to be fuzzy (of a blanket, animal, sock, etc.) Also: wanokshoh

Y y

-ya̱ n. case suffix acc

ya̱bak chito n. older word gopher

yabohlichih v. older word to hop (as when one has a sore foot)

yaboski n. sock

yachiffih v. to pick up or grab with the fingers, claws, hands Also: yichiffih

yachonnah v. to nod (in approval)

yaha̱ya yáyah

yahmihchi

yahyachih v. older word to trot, jog

yakah interj. whoa, wow syn. yakkih

yakchinólih v. to bow (of head) Also: yokchonólih see akka chonólih

yakikih interj. Oh no!

yakkih interj. wow! oh! whoa! zoinks! behold! syn. yakah Also: yakah

yakmihchih v. to do like this (as someone is showing)

yakni n. land, ground, earth, world, country comp. yakni níyachih fertilize níyachih

yakni átaláya imma n. newer word geography

yakni chilok n. cave, cavern, large hole in the ground syn. yakni hochokbi Also: yakni cholok

yakni chito n. earth, planet, world Also: yakni lo̱bo

yakni fowi n. yellow jacket wasp yakni fowishki n. yellow jacket wasp queen

yakni fowishki n. yellow jacket wasp queen from yakni fowi

yakni haknip n. older word continent, body of land

yakni hochokbi n. natural pit, cavern, cave syn. yakni chilok

yakni iklanna apakfópa n. newer word equator

yakni imáfo n. spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatumn see hashtap yolóli salamander

yakni isht lhacho̱ha n. pickaxe

yakni mo̱mah n. the whole world, all over the world mo̱mah be all

yakni niyáchi n. fertilizer

yakni níyachih v. to fertilize from níyachih fatten yakni

yakni okla̱shko n. older word wetland

yakni tosháfa n. area, piece of land

yakni winákachi n. earthquake

yakohmih v. to be like this (as demonstrated) all:this? Also: yakómi Also: yakó also yappak ohmih yakoho̱mih v. to keep being like this

yakoho̱mih v. to keep being like this from yakohmih

yakókih v. to thank (someone) interj. thank you, thanks

Yakókih Chito Nittak n. Thanksgiving Day

yakómih n. (all) these things

yala n. grub (insect) Also: yola

yalhipíli n. older word scarf

yalhki n. feces, dung

yalhki tonóchi n. dung beetle

yallo̱s n. leech

yalóba n. tadpole syn. yalóboshi

yalóboshi n. tadpole syn. yalóba

yamaska n. dough

yamaslih v. to knead (dough, clay)

yamihchih v. to do like that

yamma̱ dem. that (object form) pro. that one, he, she dem. there Also: yamma Also: ma̱ see ilamma̱ that

yammak o post. at

yammat dem. that (subject form) pro. that one

yanalli n. current (of water), flow, stream

yanallih v. to flow, run, stream (of a liquid) in a channel

yanash n. buffalo, bison

yanha hochokwah v. to have a fever and chills Also: yanha hochówachih

yanhah v. to have a fever Also: yahna

yappa̱ pro. this one (object form) dem. this (man, etc., object form) Also: yappa

yappak dem. here

yat

yawohlichih v. to be itchy Also: yahlichih yahohlichih

yáyachih v. to make (someone) cry Also: yáchih

yáyah v. to cry Also: yayyah yaha̱ya

yikoffa n. gnat syn. hacho̱laposhki Also: yakoffa

yikyiki n. a zigzag (for example, a stitch or a drawing)

yikyikih v. to zigzag Also: yi̱yikih

yilhípah v. to run (of three or more) see balílih of any number tilháyah of two yilhípat tahah v. to run off (of three or more)

yilhípat tahah v. to run off (of three or more) yilhípah of three or more

yimi̱ta n. encouragement, excitement

yimi̱tachih v. to encourage, cheer for

yimi̱tah v. to be animated, engaged

yimi̱tah átapa n. enthusiasm

yimittah v. to get excited

yimmá híkiyo n. denial Also: yimma híkiyo

yimmáhí alhpísa n. credibility

yimmi n. believer

yimmichi n. credentials

yimmih v. to believe, have faith, be confident i̱ yimmih v. to believe, believe in (someone), trust, have faith in ik i̱ yimmoh v. to not believe (someone) ik ili̱yimmoh v. to not believe in oneself

yóchitoh v. to be rich

yohablih v. to loosen (a knot, etc.)

yohbih v. to be mild, serene, or pleasant

yohchinah v. to strain, struggle, use your might, to use strength to do something

yohlih v. to sift (grain, flour)

yohmichih v. to do or make (something) a certain way, make like, make it so Also: ohmichih yohmihi̱chih

yohmih v. to happen to be a certain way, be like that, be so ohmih yohmihmat yohmit yoho̱hmih constant

yohmih kiya conj. even though it’s like that, although -kiya

yohmihi̱chih v. to keep doing (repeatedly) from yohmichih

yohmihma̱ when that happened, after that (switching to a different subject)

yohmihmat v. when that happened, after that (continuing the same subject) yohmih ohmih

yohmit being like that, being so yohmih ohmih Also: yót

yohmit kaníya n. expression

yoho̱hmih v. to keep happening from yohmih ohmih Also: yoho̱mih

yoka adj. captured, imprisoned

yokáchih v. to catch, capture to arrest

yokah v. to be confined, arrested, caught, captured i̱ yoka n. a person who is dependent on, addicted to, indentured to (someone or something)

yokópa n. the end (of a meeting, church)

yokópachih v. to end (a meeting)

yokópah v. to adjourn, stop, quit, take a break to get over (a sickness, heartbreak, anger) Also: yikópah

yokpa áyikbih v. to make fun of, ridicule

yokpa ikbi n. comedy, comedian

yokpah v. to laugh to smile to be happy syn. ná yokpah Also: yoppah

yokpalih v. to please, make happy, be joyful, be nice

yokpa̱lih v. to be nice, pleasing, make happy yokpa̱lit joyfullly, pleasingly, amusingly, happily, nicely

yokpa̱lit joyfullly, pleasingly, amusingly, happily, nicely yokpa̱lih pleasing

yokshammih v. older word to have a runny nose, cold, sickness

yólap n. Europe

yolhílih v. to send (two or more) to (a place) see chaffichih (one)

yolhkan n. mole (the animal)

yolhkan chito n. elephant

yolollih v. to go under, usually crawling

yómi n. those, bunch, group Also: yo̱

yopih v. to bathe, take a bath to swim syn. okshinillih

yópisáchih v. to display, exhibit (something)

yópisah v. to go around looking at (a game, fair, etc.), go around visiting (something entertaining), be entertained áyópisa n. exhibition, show

yópola n. someone that jokes around: joker, jokester, clown

yópolah v. to joke

yoppa n. laughter, smile Also: yokpa

yoshbokólih v. to be gray-headed Also: yoshkobólih Also: yoshkobólih

yoshbonóchih v. to curl (hair)

yoshbonólih v. to be curly (of hair)

yoshchonólih v. to bow

yoshkabáli n. haircut

yoshkalálih v. to be bald-headed (partially)

yoshkammih v. to lust for

yoshkolólih v. to be short (in length, of both animates and inanimates) ant faláya Also: yishkololih yoskolólih yostolólih

yoshmilálih v. older word to be bald-headed (totally)

yoshóbah v. to be confused (of a person or animal) to be lost to be immoral

yoshóbat tahah v. to get confused, lost

yoshoblih v. to confuse (another person)

yoshomáli n. brown

yoshomáli hata n. beige, light brown

yoshomáli hatah adj. to be beige, light brown

yoshomálih adj. to be brown Also: yoshshomálih

yoshwichálih v. to have messy hair syn. yoshwitílih

yoshwitílih v. to have unruly hair syn. yoshwichálih

CHAHTA ANNO̱PA MIYA KA̱

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians

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